The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. This description is simplified. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. 1. Many of the most socially and economically powerful elements of these societies will be led by immigrants.Developing countries, such as those in eastern and southern Europe, are expected to bear the worst of the depopulation trend. Asia is not Europe ;-). Topography describes the physical features of an area of land. From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. Updates? The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. They are very detailed and are often produced on large sheets of paper. These nations do not feel an obligation to accept illegal immigrants, seeing them as both a threat and a burden.Supporters of the crackdown want to stop illegal immigration. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Russia is Europe's largest country. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). Europe is the second-smallest continent. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. Wcz obsug JavaScript. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. Corrections? These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. It includes parts of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), and Belarus.Most of the Great European Plain lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. Europe is the second-smallest continent. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. All rights reserved. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. Holland is a nation of cyclists. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. Encyclopedic entry. Omissions? The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. 5. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. 4. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. 2. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Key Facts. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. The nation of Germany was divided in two. This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. 0. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. 12. All rights reserved. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. 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