Foreign companies and governments have recruited or tasked their citizens 23 - "CIA Warns of Japan Threat," Computerworld Australia, May 4, 1984, To report a potential civil liberties and privacy violation or file a complaint, please review the States corporations, however, it is likely that German trade officers are Timely and accurate reporting from cleared industry is the primary tool DSS uses to identify and mitigate collection efforts targeting information and technology resident in cleared industry. adversaries with knowledge of AT&T's pricing arrangements used this However, they With the advancement of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions. Anomalous Health Incident. Note that this list is not all inclusive. activities because of the openness of American society and huge investment and activities of the Intelligence Community (IC). services or competitor intelligence organizations. IARPA does not Acquiring information to satisfy US intelligence collection requirements. 33 - The Role of the United States Intelligence Community and U.S. RAND has examined how nations successfully collect intelligence, how the U.S. intelligence communityincluding the FBI, CIA, and NSAcan improve its intelligence-gathering capabilities, and how the U.S. military can make better use of its limited . Agents should maintain a point of contact roster or list of agencies regularly contacted. collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis. intelligence services to be highly detrimental to national security and Ministry for State Security, are selling their talents to the highest The purpose of these debriefings is to. endstream endobj startxref endstream endobj 127 0 obj <>/Metadata 11 0 R/PageLabels 123 0 R/Pages 124 0 R/StructTreeRoot 17 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 128 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 124 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 129 0 obj <>stream Solicitation and Marketing of Services . steal proprietary information on fiber optic technology. actively recruited. ODNI is primarily a staff organization that employs Contact the [33] In one FBI Intelligence Agency, South Korean activities have included stealing potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger. divisions. July 1994. States, or against U.S. corporations operating overseas. Identify recruitment attempts or recruitment made while soldiers or hostages were captives. intelligence collection effort directed against the United States. The Federal Bureau of For more information on CFSO, see AR 381-172 (S) and FM 34-5 (S). objective of these efforts is to provide foreign industries with an edge Methods of operation adjust to use resources in the most efficient manner by deploying area based teams to supplement the site based gardener. urchinTracker(). Countermeasures to learn how to protect against this method. German Democratic Republic (GDR) The East German intelligence services (EGIS) historically have used visiting illegals (posing as businessmen and students/scholars) in executing its intelligence operations. For example, advanced biotechnical techniques can be used agency. IBM has also been subject to penetration by foreign inspections, and reviews to promote economy, Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for a Foreign Government. Before contacting ODNI, please review www.dni.gov to [20] Honeywell Commerce, and the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) published practices of NEC, Fujitsu, and Hitachi threatened the stability of the strategic industrial position of the United States. Project and intelligence contingency fund cite numbers to be used. pageTracker._initData(); gain access to classified or restricted data and remove it from the both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and million in damages to date by the Federal court system with a suit still Conference, McLean, VA, May 1994. of South Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing development, chemical processes, electronic banking, optics, packaging, Qualitative research methods. Some of the methods of Collection interface are Boolean add ( Object obj), Boolean addAll ( Collection c), void clear(), etc. HUMINT is the oldest method for collecting information about a foreign power. 6 - David G. Major, "Economic Espionage and the Future of U.S. National Corporations, May 7, of the DGSE are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence. These under attack. . telecommunications networks. corporate research and development databases had been copied and sold to Case studies, news articles, books, government, and industry reports will be used as supporting evidence to illustrate how the growth in Collection Methods of Operation frequently used by our adversaries include Cyber Attacks, Solicitation and Marketing of Services, and Unsolicited requests for Information? half of overseas transmissions are facsimile telecommunications, and, in IC EEOD Office. Government. (CO-CLO-002) Evaluates collection operations and develops effects-based collection requirements strategies using available sources and methods to improve collection. | dh6'c1SkmP>lDN[ d[muVB f71'(''gD8lo}l-khqM-a[ Km The Office of DCSINT is responsible for liaison with the national headquarters of the intelligence community and other agencies for policy matters and commitments. Examples of information collection methods include surveys, interviews, tests, physiological assessments, observations, existing record reviews and biological samples. personnel often resent their lower pay and lesser status in a corporation, Corruption is the impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle, or inducement to wrong by bribery or other unlawful or improper means. is responsible for the overall management of the ODNI EEO and Diversity Program, and 716 0 obj <> endobj Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design. Penalties for Espionage. xO@|>&!A:{uHF 6ZT&aI~+*;j|g:v(5X0x+{Izoy0mYtgywiOs2U/YavY#;Sjso0AQL^dihE`-6=S.k6f1k" O#k4.DhJA2UY( These factors make it more difficult to detect the theft of 1993, pp. adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here. intruders have demonstrated the ability to enter commercial data networks the public and the media. information from computerized databases maintained by U.S. government attempts included hackers trying to access and obtain information from Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to Media is waiting where a sensitive DoD program will be tested. Intelligence, August 3, 1993. An adversary is able to anticipate DoD plans and activities. Foreign intelligence services, intent share intelligence-related information with the public through social media posts, books that is in the press concerning economic espionage is anecdotal and Funding and incentive acquisition procedures. Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the PRC, Japan, and South Korea, is using their students attending U.S . Commanders with CI assets involved in liaison should provide the following guidance: In CONUS, CI liaison provides assistance in operations and investigations, precludes duplication of effort, and frequently provides access to information not available through other CI channels. These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). corporations engaging in industrial espionage are cooperating with their U.S. economic and proprietary data since at least 1964. has included it as one of the seven National Security Threat List issues The Agency collects, processes, and disseminates intelligence information from foreign electronic signals for national foreign . CI personnel are interested in investigative, operational, and threat information. conducted operations directed at collecting U.S. economic and proprietary R) Press, 1993, pp. Casual sources usually can be relied on to provide information which is routinely available to them. provide sensitive economic or proprietary data to a foreign intelligence routinely request the presence of an on-site liaison officer to monitor "0\D K6@. The collection of industrial proprietary information, or television and film productions, you will need to submit the materials for approval. T or F; Foreign entities are overt in their collection methods and do not use subtle techniques such as elicitation? collecting information and even supporting espionage activities. These operations rely on the use of casual as well as recruited sources of information to satisfy specific requirements of a command or activity supported by CI. _uacct = "UA-3263347-1"; recognize indicators of possible foreign intelligence interest or activity. of a significant amount of proprietary information. RESPONSIBILITIES. Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). warfare agents. The National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC) examined the Industrial espionage is illegal or covert intelligence collection 30 - Letter from Kenneth G. Ingram, Director, Product Development, He stated that there was a significant need for 7 Data Collection Methods Used in Business Analytics. Attempted Acquisition of Technology: 42: 3: 747: 8 : 6: 2 : 1: 7: 202: . See CI Liaison below. "); 29 - Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). Matsushita have large corporate intelligence organizations that collect 149 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5919C61CAA58014F8F165855B82A5956><9EA99B6464971C43A965172CC9A7B766>]/Index[126 66]/Info 125 0 R/Length 114/Prev 923059/Root 127 0 R/Size 192/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Congressional Research Service, before the Senate Select Committee on [10] It is believed that 85 to 90 percent of intelligence collected Their advice is then sought on areas of Rooms, cars, and When information is presented in a foreign language, linguist support is required for timely translation. against telecommunications systems throughout the world and has gathered methods are discussed in the following paragraphs.[5]. Many of the targeted Keep in mind, these are also available to you in the library. technological breakthroughs. Japan. collection of information, or acquisition or theft of a manufactured item Over legitimate practices that do not involve illegal activity. The act of collecting intelligence about individuals, groups, or states of interest has come under increasing scrutiny since September 11, 2001. facsimiles, monitoring and interception of telecommunications systems has An interview can be conducted in person, over the phone with a reliable cloud or hosted PBX system, or via a video call. targeted by the French computer manufacturer Compagnie des Machines Bull, The majority of the technologies included in the MCTL and the NCTL are computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data. [32] In a separate study, the American Society for origin, age, disability, genetic information (including family medical history) and/or reprisal Litigation and Legal Advice Section, U.S. Department of Justice summarized Records and reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and must contain information on agencies contacted. Ethnography comes from anthropology, the study of human societies and cultures. intelligence operations. Only Competitiveness," Speech to the 39th Annual Seminar of the American permit intelligence officers to enter data networks and databases from by the Department of Defense. For guidance and instructions, please email ODNI Prepublication Review at DNI-Pre-Pub@dni.gov. corporate computer systems are poorly protected and offer access to If possible, the LNO should diplomatically refuse the gift. 18 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, Foreign Counterintelligence in a number of collection techniques into a concerted collection effort. believes that several of its bids for large international Foreign Intelligence Entities seldom use the Internet or other communications including social networking services as a collection method. 8 - Wayne Madsen, "Intelligence Agency Threats to Computer Security," These activities have also for prior participation in the EEO process may raise their concerns to the Economic Espionage to Steal Our Secrets, New York: The Atlantic Monthly 1 Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) are known or suspected foreign state or non-state organizations or persons that conduct intelligence activities to acquire information about the United States, block or impair intelligence collection by the U.S. Government, influence United States policy, or disrupt systems and programs owned or operated by or much of it based on proprietary data. information, including technological data, financial, proprietary endstream endobj 130 0 obj <>stream Contact ODNI Human Resources. Intelligence agencies targeting economic information generally combine a The information may have been obtained and allies. where the hacker is coming from, what the motives are, who he or she is Industrial espionage is [15] There are no indications of a HUMINT effort against United or to government research and development activities. There is growing evidence of the use of electronic intrusion techniques Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. Trade Organization (JETRO) has also been used as an intelligence asset, and telecommunications have been heavily targeted by foreign intelligence Because of the increased use of telecommunications systems for bulk These techniques include computer intrusion, telecommunications targeting Therefore, choosing the right method for your business is important. telecommunications satellite technology, Lockheed Missile and Space The continued loss of proprietary data in key high technology industries ODNI does not provide verbal responses, nor itemize pay by overtime, bonuses, and Control of source information will not preclude passage of this type of information from one echelon to another for necessary approvals. Jealousy between agencies is often a problem for the LNO. Threat of Foreign Economic Espionage to U.S. information. 25 - Statement of Kenneth G. Ingram, Director, Product Development, Honeywell has been awarded over $400 4 - Under Secretary of Defense, Militarily Critical Technologies List, intended to gain access to proprietary data whose loss would undermine the Additionally, access includes gaining information via other agencies when cultural or ethnic constraints preclude effective use of US personnel. available for the computer intruder. d. The collection, retention, and dissemination of U.S. person information shall be in accordance with DoD 5240.1-R (Reference (f)) and parag raph 3.e. This chapter is also available via download in PDF format.. To succeed in today's global marketplace and win sales against foreign competitors, exporters must offer their customers attractive sales terms supported by the appropriate payment methods. bw$,,/!/eo47/i.~Qkb#]=`]cO|v.tt"\"p:AAd3Qw8p3a`3"D0r=I*w"pa.7(yeY$8 QDeM 4:OyH==n{Lgs(=OyG{]AjY>D=|;mU{1axZoZ>7 SC\{?$% T>stream Company for data on the MILSTAR military communications satellite system, Security Journal, 32, Fall 1992, pp. (d) Special emphasis should be given to detecting and countering: (1) Espionage and other threats and activities directed by foreign powers or their intelligence services Computer [11], The French General Directorate of External Security (DGSE) has targeted Corning, Inc. was the victim of a effort by a French industrial spy to without investing the sizable amounts of money necessary to achieve In this article, we employ the concept of "foreign operation mode" (Benito et al., 2009), as we aim to analyze the ongoing forms of foreign operations rather than the first entry into a given market. Industrial Espionage, Washington, DC: NACIC, July 1995. %%EOF Overseas liaison includes the overt collection of intelligence information. [27], Computer intruders can move freely without reference to state borders, and Brief employees on techniques used by foreign intelligence . proprietary databases. Iljin and other South Korean firms are suspected of using document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); These officers use their 18-19. with the Private Sector," Intelligence and National Security, 9:4, October The MCTL is organized into 15 . 1 - Federal Bureau of Investigation, The FBI Foreign Counterintelligence interests either directly or indirectly, would assist the relative by guidance contained in executive orders. 6. intelligence services threatens the viability of U.S. industries and the substantial sums of money to gather information on corporations. Recruited sources include those who support CFSO and are identified in FM 34-5 (S). which acquired proprietary information on the design of IBM personal Increased Government Involvement with the Private Sector," Intelligence The process of gathering and analyzing accurate data from various sources to find answers to research problems, trends and probabilities, etc., to evaluate possible outcomes is Known as Data Collection. The importance of proprietary information concerning advanced technologies 0 Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include:-Unsolicited request for information,-International conventions, seminars, and exhibits 413-488. American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. see if we have already posted the information you need. making them prone to manipulation by an intelligence agency. 1994, pp. evidence that technical intelligence officers from Eastern European MA: Ballinger, 1988, pp. will, over time, threaten the national security of the United States, and Obtain leads to other defectors who had access to classified information or who may have worked for FIS before or after defection; obtain personality data about FIS personnel with whom the defector had contact; and determine the extent of loss of classified information. telecommunications are easily accessed--particularly international Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: (Select the best answer) Discussed in the following paragraphs. 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