Most states authorized a system of allowing the jury to decide the guilty party's punishment, though some allowed judges to make the decision or retain the right to overrule the jury. Courts handed down death sentences fairly frequently until the 1960s when the practice began to face growing moral, legal, and political opposition. Web. It also carries the risk of carrying out a wrongful execution. Partisanship continues to be a major factor in support for the death penalty and opinions about its administration. Justice requires that society impose on criminals losses equal to those they imposed on innocent persons. The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. It also goes into some detail about the numbers of death penalty sentences and executions lowering in Texas and California, where historically they have been very high. However, a worldwide poll conducted in 2006 indicates that 52% of the world's population supports the death penalty. In the face of an extraordinary run of federal executions over the past six months, they have been left to wonder whether the court is prepared to play any role in capital cases beyond hastening executions. Hearst Newspapers LLC, 20 June 2014. Justice Ginsburg, who died in September, had joined the dissent. Why its a good source: This source gives a lot of specific information about what one state is doing wrong, complete with anecdotes and numbers. Eckholm, Erik. Since 1978, California has spent more than $4 billion administering the death penalty, or more than $308 million per person for each of the 13 people who have been executed since the death penalty was reinstated. By Liz Mineo. In your opinion, should pharmaceutical companies have the right to refuse to sell drugs for executions? However, later on this type of punishment came to be regarded as a . The less access to abortion, the greater the. Just 25% of those who oppose the death penalty say it is morally justified. When the District Court again imposed another last-minute stoppage, granting more time for Mr. Purkeys lawyers to argue (among other things) that he did not understand the reason for his execution, the Justice Department again sought Supreme Court review. However, Gibson does give some figures in support of using the death penalty over life in prison because, he notes, life in prison does not truly separate the criminal from society due to gang connections both in and out of prison. There are states that have secondary methods of execution such as electrocution, gas chamber, hanging as well as firing squad, however these methods aren't used nearly as often as injection is. A third of liberal Democrats strongly oppose the death penalty, compared with just 14% of conservatives and moderates. Be aware of biases. The court's ruling is believed to have made proving racial discrimination more difficult. The US Department of Justice (DOJ) authorizes federal death penalty cases, which are prosecuted in federal court. The article is very straightforward with little to no emotional appeal. If you use the citation in your paper, dont forget to update the access date (in this case 14 Jan. 2015) to the date you accessed the site. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Black Americans. Since our nation's founding, the government -- colonial, federal, and state -- has punished a varying percentage of arbitrarily-selected murders with the ultimate sanction: death. Under US constitutional law, states have the right to apply their own criminal statutes including capital punishment. Proponents of the death penalty say it is an important tool for preserving law and order, deters crime, and costs less than life imprisonment. The death penalty is helping cut down the population of inmates on death row. What historical factors have spurred capital punishment reform in the United States? What its about: This article is the first of two parts and uses emotion more than straight facts. Execution Saves Innocents. Boston Globe. Death penalty is associated with both pros and cons as it is examined below. The attorneys suggested that the combination of COVID-19 infection with the flooding of the lungs caused by pentobarbital, the drug used in their executions, would cause suffering that amounted to "cruel and unusual punishment." This doesnt always mean that you have to get an article from a well-known news website or national newspaper, but that the article should be backed up with cited facts. Two months after these executions, on March 24, 2021, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam signed a bill passed by the Democratic-majority state legislature that abolished the death penalty in the state. Also, check with your teacher to see if you should be using a different type of citation style in your paper (such as APA or Chicago). However, the nationwide execution rate began a slow but steady rise. Majorities of White (63%), Asian (63%) and Hispanic adults (56%) favor the death penalty for persons convicted of murder. Why its a good source: It is an interviewbut not a direct transcriptinvolving one of the most active members of the pro-capital punishment community. The analysis suggests that adequate provision of counsel by states in death penalty cases correlates to reduced imposition of death sentences. He had set out his arguments in a major dissent in 2015, one that must have been on Justice Scalias mind when he made his comments a few months later. Or do you think it should be abolished? The death penalty remains popular, broadly speaking: In 2020, Gallup reported that Americans favored maintaining the death penalty for convicted murderers by a 55 percent to 43 percent. The Mennonite Central Committee in the U.S. has an essay on "state killing. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Centers American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. If you've looked for capital punishment essay topics, you're in luck! There is widespread agreement on one topic related to the death penalty: Nearly eight-in-ten (78%) say that there is some risk an innocent person will be put to death, including large majorities among various racial or ethnic, educational, and even ideological groups. And even though large majorities of both groups say there is some risk an innocent person will be put to death, members of the public who favor the death penalty are 24 percentage points more likely to say that there are adequate safeguards to prevent this than Americans who oppose the death penalty. Among Republicans who favor the death penalty, 78% say that Black and White people are equally likely to receive this sentence. As a result, survey results from recent online surveys are not directly comparable with past years telephone survey trends. As inhumane and morbid as it may sound, the death penalty is something that should remain in the United States. Warren McCleskey, a Black resident of Georgia, had been convicted of killing a white police officer during an armed robbery in 1978 and sentenced to death. This month, for the first time in 17 years, the United States resumed carrying out death sentences for federal crimes. It is estimated that up to 4% of the people on death row right now are actually innocent of the crime they were convicted of committing. Like earlier appeals in defense of the men's lives, this argument proved ineffective. This view is particularly widespread among Black adults: 85% of Black adults say Black people are more likely than Whites to receive the death penalty for being convicted of similar crimes (61% of Hispanic adults and 49% of White adults say this). For each article I give you, Ive also included an MLA citation. Do you believe governments should be allowed to execute people who have been convicted of crimes? As in the past, support for the death penalty differs across racial and ethnic groups. After the execution of Louis Jones Jr. in March 2003, no federal executions were scheduled until July 2019, when William Barr, the US Attorney General under President Donald Trump, announced that federal executions would resume. For decades, the death penalty has been decreasing around the world, but it hasn't disappeared yet. He said that death row exonerations were frequent, that death sentences were imposed arbitrarily and that the capital justice system was marred by racial discrimination. The death penalty remains a controversial political and legal issue in the United States. The American people can decide for themselves which aspects of that process should be considered shameful.. These offenses involve murder, treason, or committing another crime that results in death, such as kidnapping or aircraft piracy. Critics accused Arkansas officials of carrying out executions in an "assembly line" fashion, and drug companies also objected to the state's use of a pharmaceutical formulation in lethal injections. Pro death penalty for this essay pdf automatic . Supporters of capital punishment argue that it deters crime and provides ultimate justice for crime victims, particularly murder victims. It is a good source for pulling direct quotes instead of just giving statistics. Anti-death penalty campaigners have been hoping the Biden administration would end the federal death penalty and commute sentences of the remaining 45 federal death row inmates to life imprisonment. Furthermore, a 2009 survey of criminologists revealed that "over 88% believed the death penalty was not a deterrent to murder.". A. Alabama 443. It is important to make the distinction between the two ideas. Further, many states did not carry out executions despite having legal authority to impose the death penalty. Overall, White adults are more likely to favor the death penalty than Black or Hispanic adults, while White and Asian American adults are equally likely to favor the death penalty. To begin with, the Death Penalty is mainly known as Capital Punishment. And Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, who held the decisive vote in many closely divided cases until his retirement in 2018, had written the majority opinions in several 5-to-4 decisions that imposed limits on the death penalty, including ones barring the execution of juvenile offenders and people convicted of crimes other than murder. The 2001 execution of Timothy McVeigh, convicted for his role in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, marked the first federal execution carried out since 1963, with Juan Raul Garza executed eight days later. Although they note that some members of Mr. Lees victims families opposed his execution, others did not. What role do you think disability or trauma history should play in how someone is punished, or rehabilitated, after committing a crime? They sought to obstruct by any means the administration of sentences that Congress permitted, juries supported and the Supreme Court approved. When someone commits a crime it disturbs the order of society; these crimes take away lives, peace, and liberties from society. In 2020, following seventeen years without carrying out the penalty, the federal government executed ten people. Due in part to rising jury nullifications, which effectively allowed guilty criminals to be set free, state legislatures began to pass laws in 1838 that rejected mandatory application of the death penalty in favor of jury discretion in sentencing. I have ten death penalty articles that will help you turn a stale topic into a well-written and interesting essay. It concludes by stating that the execution of criminals is a deterrent for murderers and ultimately saves innocent lives. Some states attempted to circumvent regulations, resulting in the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) seizing drug supplies from prisons in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Tennessee. In cases handled in states that have abolished capital punishment, the federal judge can designate a death-penalty state to carry out the execution. The court determined that the unequal and arbitrary application of the death penalty to African American defendants violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Amnesty International holds that the death penalty breaches human rights, in particular the right to life and the right to live free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Let's do a break down on ALL races that received a death sentence since 1977. However, White Democrats are less likely to favor the death penalty than Black, Hispanic or Asian Democrats. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale, 2021. 2014. This created a problem for juries that found a defendant guilty but did not believe the offense warranted a sentence of death. Capital punishment has long engendered considerable debate about both its morality and its effect on criminal behaviour. The article goes on to explain that Justice Stephen G. Breyer issued a dissent on Friday as the Supreme Court cleared the way for the last execution of the Trump era, complaining that it had not sufficiently resolved legal questions that inmates had asked. Sentencing a person to death for the rape or murder of an innocent person affirms the value of the life of the victim, and should bring more comfort to the victim's family. In Hall v. Florida (2014), the Supreme Court opined that Florida's system of using a defendant's intelligence quotient (IQ) as a strict cutoff in determining the presence or absence of intellectual disability was unconstitutional. It gives a link to a document from the US Department of Justice and provides numbers on the amount of violence that occurs at the hands of prison gangs. "Save taxpayers money" and "they deserve it" tie as the second-most-popular reasons Americans volunteer in this open-ended measure, at 14% each. Republicans and Democrats also differ over whether the death penalty is morally justified, whether it acts as a deterrent to serious crime and whether adequate safeguards exist to ensure that no innocent person is put to death. Before I get to the good stuff, Ill let you know the secrets to choosing the right kinds of death penalty articles for your essay. Read more about the ATPs methodology. Black adults are evenly divided: 49% favor the death penalty, while an identical share oppose it. In Gallup's most recent poll, 67 percent of Americans favor the death penalty for those convicted of murder, while only 28 percent are opposed. As the hours wore on, Justice Department officials asked Ms. Longs father if he would prefer to wait for another day. The Economist Newspaper Limited, 26 Apr. Jeffrey A. Rosen is the deputy attorney general. Among Democrats, adults ages 50 to 64 are much more likely than adults in other age groups to favor the death penalty. That cautious step, taken to ensure undoubted compliance with court orders, is irreconcilable with the suggestion that the department rushed the execution or disregarded any law. Why its a good source: This article also gives important points to work from, similar to the previous article, and it works to detract from the arguments of death penalty supporters. Nearly eight-in-ten (78%) say there is some risk that an innocent person will be put to death, while only 21% think there are adequate safeguards in place to prevent that from happening. On July 2, 1976, the Supreme Court handed down five decisions in cases that originated in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Texas, collectively referred to as the July 2 cases, or by the name of the lead case, Gregg v. Georgia. 108 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, while 144 countries have abolished it in law or practice. Mr. Lees lawyers opposed that request, insisting that overturning the order would result in their clients imminent execution. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. It was delayed when his lawyers obtained six more months of review by unsuccessfully challenging the procedures used to carry out his lethal injection. During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, lawyers for federal death-row inmates Dustin Higgs and Corey Johnson argued that their clients, both of whom tested positive for COVID-19, should not be subject to lethal injection. Among Republicans who oppose the death penalty, about half (53%) say this. Abolishing the death penalty is the only way to prevent bias in its application and ensure that no person is executed by the government erroneously or unconstitutionally. 14 Jan. 2015. It can be used in both pro- and anti-death penalty essays. What its about: This article is not directly for or against the death penalty in general; it instead points out the situations that lead to the high number of death penalty sentences and executions in Texas. Death Penalty. As of January 2021, Black defendants accounted for 34.1 percent of all people executed in the United States since 1976 and over 40 percent of the country's death row population despite making up just over 13 percent of the general US population. Among Black adults, 53% of those without college degrees favor the death penalty, compared with 34% of those with college degrees. From 1972 to 1976, thirty-five US states revised their death penalty laws. Conversely, it costs approximately $200,000 to $300,000 to convict and sentence an . Theyll look over it and give you suggestions to make it the best it can be. States and Death Row. The judge who imposed the death sentence on Mr. Honken, Mark Bennett, said that while he generally opposed the death penalty, he would not lose any sleep over Mr. Honkens execution. Among Republicans, a narrow majority of conservative Republicans (56%) say the death penalty does deter serious crimes, while a similar share of moderate and liberal Republicans (57%) say it does not. The Eighth Amendment, however, prohibits the government from enforcing "cruel and unusual punishment," which several lawsuits have used successfully to challenge certain applications of capital punishment. The United States Constitution expressly contemplates capital crimes, and Congress has authorized the death penalty for serious federal offenses since President George Washington signed the Crimes Act of 1790. 14 Jan. 2015. The 5 th and 14 th Amendments carry express approval of the death penalty: a person may not be "deprived of life, liberty or . Table of Contents. The Atlantic Monthly Group, 30 Oct. 2013. What its about: This article, like the one above, is more concerned with problems within the structure of the death penalty than with whether or not there should be a death penalty. The death penalty is one of the most contentious issues in our society today. John Duncan the father of the victim Lori Duncan and grandfather of her slain daughters, Kandace (age 10) and Amber (age 6) had urged Mr. Honkens execution for years. Please support our research with a financial contribution. Is it morally wrong? by. How concerned should we be about wrongfully convicted people being executed? As Ms. Longs stepmother later said, We just shouldnt have had to wait this long. The Supreme Court ultimately authorized the execution just before 3 a.m. Do you think the death penalty serves a necessary purpose, like deterring crime, providing relief for victims families or imparting justice? Rate this book. The recent executions reflect that consensus, as the Justice Department has an obligation to carry out the law. On July 14, Daniel Lewis Lee was executed for the 1996 murder of a family, including an 8-year-old girl, by suffocating and drowning them in the Illinois Bayou after robbing them to fund a white-supremacist organization. These rulings overturned existing standards for evidence and jury agreement when imposing the death penalty. Check Out These Example Death Penalty Essays. (Retribution) 3.05: 1.28: 2.88: 1.31: 0.78 The death penalty is a more effective deterrent than life imprisonment. Michael Smith. (February 8, 2001) Pro-Death Penalty article by UCLA Political Science student, Aanand N. Patel for student newspapaer. Supporters of the death penalty believe that those who commit murder, because they have taken the life of another, have forfeited . There Would No Longer Be Innocent Live Lost Since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976, more than 300 people have been exonerated of capital crimes. National Journal Group Inc., 06 Sept. 2014. The court's rulings also indicated that inconsistent and racially biased death sentences could be prevented by holding two hearings: one to establish guilt and one, if found guilty, to determine sentencing. Support for the death penalty also varies across age groups. Since then, the Trump administration has executed 13 inmates, more than three times as many as the federal government had in the previous six decades. Officials in Oklahoma were found to have made significant errors in an execution in 2014 after authorizing the use of untested drugs supplied by undisclosed sources. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Why its a good source: Again, this article could be used for either side of the argument. 38 Death Penalty Information Center, State Studies on Monetary Costs (2017). These decisions allowed the reinstatement of state death penalty laws. Gillespie, Nick. How people can support the death penalty? In states that still enforce capital punishment, lethal injection is the primary method of carrying out executions. American Socialism. Death Penalty Repeal: Its Necessary to Use Capital Punishment in a Free World. Mic. Toobin, Jeffrey. Death penalty cases were required to strictly adhere to due-process rules, and during the late 1970s, the Supreme Court handed down decisions that expanded defendants' rights in capital offense trials and ruled that capital punishment could not be imposed for the rape of an adult, a decision that essentially limited the death penalty to charges of murder, treason, and the rape of a child. It was a chilly afternoon outside the Allan B. Polunsky Unit, a maximum-security prison for death-row inmates in Livingston, Texas. The best way to explore the pros and cons of death penalty laws is to read an argumentative essay on this issue. Choose articles from reputable sources. The number of executions performed annually began a steady rise during this decade. The death penalty remains a controversial political and legal issue in the United States. About seven-in-ten Republicans (72%) say that White people and Black people are equally likely to be sentenced to death for the same types of crimes. U.S. News and World Report LP, 29 Sept. 2014. Steiker, Jordan. The Justice Department decided to pause the execution for several hours while the appellate court considered and promptly rejected Mr. Lees request. Top 9 Pro Death Penalty Arguments. Those who favor the death penalty consistently express more favorable attitudes regarding specific aspects of the death penalty than those who oppose it. Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, has long been a feature of human society and has been used in the United States since the colonial era. The shortage resulted in the postponement of several scheduled executions. States could only acquire the drug by importing it from abroad, sometimes improperly. By the 1800s, federal law not only permitted capital punishment but required it in cases involving certain crimes. Moreover, more than six-in-ten Americans (63%), including about half of death penalty supporters (48%), say the death penalty does not deter people from committing serious crimes. The death penalty goes against our most basic human right - the right to life. How do we continue to track changes in public opinion when theres a shift in survey mode?, Differing views of death penalty by race and ethnicity, education, ideology, Intraparty differences in support for the death penalty, Differences by race and ethnicity, education over whether there are racial disparities in death penalty sentencing, Overwhelming share of death penalty supporters say it is morally justified. After the unofficial moratorium on capital punishment ended with the executions of Gary Gilmore in Utah in 1977 and John Spenkelink in Florida in 1979, the execution rate remained low for an extended period. A nationwide shortage of sodium thiopental, the barbiturate anesthetic used in lethal injections, emerged in 2009 after the only pharmaceutical plant in the United States approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to manufacture the drug announced it was stopping production. Or is that still too harsh? The term death penalty is sometimes used interchangeably with capital . It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. News & Cases See more. What its about: This article discusses the history of the death penalty from hanging to the electric chair to lethal injection. The Supreme Court has held the death penalty to be constitutional. Sophisticated studies at the state level show that the death penalty costs taxpayers more than life without parole. By inflicting death on those who deliberately inflict death on others, the death penalty ensures justice for all. Death penalty is still needed, despite its inhumanity. While conservative Republicans are more likely to express support for the death penalty than moderate and liberal Republicans, clear majorities of both groups favor the death penalty (82% of conservative Republicans and 68% of moderate and liberal Republicans). "The Death Penalty is Cheaper Than Feeding a Murderer for Life" According to the Death Penalty Information Center, independent studies in several states, including Oklahoma, reveal that capital punishment is actually far more expensive to administer than life imprisonment. Capital punishment is the execution of an offender who has been sentenced to death after conviction of a criminal offense by a court of law. Aside from my own moral beliefs on the death penalty, it is not fair that . It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Exoneration occurs when a person's conviction is overturned. WASHINGTON (AP) Conservative justices holding the Supreme Court's majority seem likely to sink President Joe Biden's plan to wipe away or reduce student loans held by millions of Americans . The Court reasoned that the laws resulted in a disproportionate application of the death penalty, specifically discriminating against the poor and minorities. What its about: This article does not seek emotional appeals to the readers, but cites the e statistically fewer numbers of death penalty sentences and executions. During the 1980s, more than half of all federal appeals in capital punishment cases resulted in death sentences being overturned. Want to Read. The cost of capital punishment is extraordinary. Justice Breyer added that there was little reason to think that the death penalty deterred crime and that long delays between sentences and executions might themselves violate the Eighth Amendment. The court overturned the death sentence of William Furman, an African American man whose murder trial had lasted less than one day. And when those tactics failed, they accused the Justice Department of a grave threat to the rule of law, even though it operated entirely within the law enacted by Congress and approved by the Supreme Court. 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