40. C. the U.S. government's small role in world affairs We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, the 35th president began. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Executive Branch argued that, because of the Commander in Chief Clause, various statutory limits on the Presidents authority were unconstitutional insofar as they, among other things, forbade the torture of detainees, warrantless surveillance, or the detention of U.S. citizens as enemy combatants. Here, President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush examine legislation in the Oval Office in 1984. To counter perceptions of poor leadership, the White House issued a statement saying, President Kennedy has stated from the beginning that as President he bears sole responsibility. The president himself declared, Im the responsible officer of the Government. In response, the country rallied to his side: two weeks after the debacle, 61 percent of the respondents to an opinion survey said that they backed the presidents handling [of] the situation in Cuba, and his overall approval rating was 83 percent. Every president since Nixon has contested the War Powers Act as an infringement of their role as Commander in Chief of the armed forces. A. the U.S. Supreme Court 36. During his 1968 presidential campaign, he had secretly advised South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu to resist peace overtures until after the U.S. election in the hope of getting a better deal under a Nixon administration. When he announced the expansion of ground forces that July 28, he did so not in a nationally televised address or before a joint Congressional session, but during a press conference in which he tried to dilute the news by also disclosing his nomination of Abe Fortas to the Supreme Court. B. convention delegates' judgment as to the candidate who would make the best vice president. Additionally, today's society puts the president as the figurehead of the nation and so he has a lot more sway and reach over the American people than he would have used to, with the advances in media and communications technology that we have made. Whereas today candidates rely on the media, previously they based their campaigns on the The brief war powers debate at the Philadelphia Convention confirms that this omission was intentional and substantive. House of Representatives only. The Power To Make Laws. D. House and Senate in separate proceedings. C. tax policy. D. George W. Bush to anyone other than the President., Although that principle, read narrowly, would only prohibit Congress from literally placing someone other than the President atop the U.S. military hierarchy, it presumably also means that Congress cannot insulate parts of the military from the Presidents superintendence or interfere with the Presidents supervisory role, lest Congress have the power to effectively undermine the Presidents command authorityand, in Justice Jacksons words, convert the Clause into an empty title.. B. America became more of a world power. The 50th anniversary of his inauguration highlights the consequencesfor him, for his successors and for the American people. C. mass mailing of campaign literature. B. are rooted in tradition only; they have no basis in the language of the Constitution. Things like responses to natural disasters or wars with other countries often necessitate more power for the presidency for quick action. He knew that if he responded ineffectually, domestic opponents would attack him for setting back the nations security, and allies abroad would doubt his resolve to meet Soviet threats to their safety. To the contrary, the reality is that the Constitution expressly envisions a role for Congress to play in providing for governmental responses to even the most existential crises at home, however lost to modern eyes. D. Office of Legislative Affairs Ronald Reagan informed Congress of his decisions to commit U.S. troops to actions in Lebanon and Grenada, then suffered from the Iran-Contra scandal, in which members of his administration plotted to raise funds for anti-Communists in Nicaraguaa form of aid that Congress had explicitly outlawed. B. . D. The constitutional powers of the vice presidency have been increased by Congress twice during U.S. history. A. Terms of Use Direct link to 10130614's post What are the potential da, Posted 4 months ago. B. E. are not considered to be states in which there is a competitive race between candidates. E. the Cabinet (as a whole). Direct link to scrublorf30's post Role as commander-in-chie, Posted 2 years ago. A. elimination of the Electoral College Nobody can say with confidence exactly what JFK would have done in Southeast Asia if he had lived to hold a second term, and the point remains one of heated debate. D. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. Thus, although the Framers may well have intended the Calling Forth Clause both to cement the militias exclusive role in responding to domestic emergencies and to prevent their federalization for other purposes, the 1918 decisions largely vitiated that structural reading by concluding that the militia could also be called forth to fight in foreign wars. A. broke most of his campaign promises. Mitchel A . All Rights Reserved. Examples include issuing executive orders and negotiating executive agreements. C. 1968 Which of the following did the framers want from a president? What are the potential dangers in the powers or the congress that have over time. 12. The most controversial aspect of the Clause is whether it limits Congresss ability to enact statutes directing how military operations are conducted. Among other perceived problems, Congress meddled in the tactical direction of the Revolutionary War. E. mid-term elections. The Constitution assigns no executive authority to the vice president. On the other hand, if the president gets too powerful, Congress and the people may lack the ability to hold him or her accountable. If a President refuses to sign a bill, he "vetoes" the law ("veto" is Latin for "I forbid"). Carter could justify the secrecy as essential to the mission, but after sandstorms and a helicopter crash aborted it, confidence in independent executive action waned. A president is likely to propose the most new programs D. National Security Council. The presidency is an E. Rhode Island and Oregon. E. weaken Congress in foreign policy matters. Scholarly opinion is sharply divided on this question. On one hand, a powerful executive permits quick and decisive action, which is important for responding to current events. Chastened by the tyranny of George III . E. 4. B. after reelection to a second term. D. all of these factors: the small policymaking role of the federal government; the sectional nature of the nation's major issues; and the U.S. government's small role in world affairs Nixons affinity for what Arthur Schlesinger would later describe as the imperial presidency was reflected in his decisions to bomb Cambodia secretly in 1969 to disrupt North Vietnams principal supply route to insurgents in South Vietnam and to invade Cambodia in 1970 to target the supply route and to prevent Communist control of the country. D. the Supreme Court B. They can only be issued in matters of national security. E. Daniel Webster and Henry Clay accepted nominations to the vice presidency as stepping stones to the presidency. brainly.com/question/29422434. B. Maine D. presidential nominee's choice of a running mate. B. Rutherford B. Hayes D. Georgia and Louisiana. B. is a limited office whose occupant is confined to the exercise of expressly granted constitutional powers. D. It requires the president to inform Congress within one month of the reason for the military action. Just as statutes that order the President to conduct warfare in a certain manner or for specific goals would be unconstitutional, so too are laws that seek to prevent the President from gaining the intelligence he believes necessary to prevent attacks upon the United States. D. Andrew Jackson What are the potential dangers? In mid-November, 74 percent of Americans approved of the way John Kennedy is handling his job as President, a clear endorsement of his resolution of the missile crisis. But Truman would learn a paradoxical, and in his case bitter, corollary: with greater power, the president also had a greater need to win popular backing for his policies. But as the cold war accelerated events overseas, Johnson assumed he had license to make unilateral judgments on how to proceed in Vietnam. 74. But whereas the Supreme Court has largely vitiated the Calling Forth Clauses potential role as a structural check on other uses of military power, the Clause remains relevant today in helping to cement Congresss constitutional authority to circumscribe the Presidents domestic war powersauthority it has exercised in a number of circumstances, including through the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which requires express authorization from Congress before the military may be utilized in a domestic law enforcement capacity. C. must be a natural-born citizen At the end of Bushs term, his approval ratings, like Trumans, fell into the twenties. ________ was known as the "Great Communicator". E. Jimmy Carter. C. has been used more extensively in recent decades, such that the candidate who dominates the primaries can usually expect to receive the nomination. D. presidential nominee's choice of a running mate. 16. Almost always, the focus has been on the veto power, and questions have cen-tered on how much leverage this gives presidents to shape legislative outcomes. Your Privacy Rights D. the image-building that the president's foreign policy strength lends to the rest of his agenda The President has the power either to sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, although Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses. Which of the following is part of the Executive Office of the President? 2023 Smithsonian Magazine . A. And while Bill Clinton chose to consult with Congressional leaders on operations to enforce a U.N. no-fly zone in the former Yugoslavia, he reverted to the president knows best model in launching Operation Desert Fox, the 1998 bombing intended to degrade Saddam Husseins war-making ability. He altered the stewardship theory to reduce the power of the presidency while remaining an activist president. A president's accomplishments have largely depended on In the modern era, the equivalent practice of using the presidency as a bully pulpit (Theodore Roosevelt) could best be summed up in the phrase, "________". Nixons action did not become public until 1980, when Anna Chennault, a principal figure in the behind-the-scenes maneuvers, revealed them, but Johnson learned of Nixons machinations during the 1968 campaign; he contended that Nixons delay of peace talks violated the Logan Act, which forbids private citizens from interfering in official negotiations. Examples include making treaties, commanding the military, appointing Supreme Court justices, and vetoing legislation. 47. B. whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. Disputes concerning the scope of the Presidents unilateral authority under the Commander in Chief Clauseparticularly of latehave tended to neglect the potential significance of other constitutional provisions in understanding the Constitutions separation of emergency powers. But by the early 1960s, the president had become the undisputed architect of U.S. foreign policy. D. The veto is as much a sign of presidential weakness as of strength, because it arises when Congress refuses to accept the president's ideas. C. of the need to coordinate national economic policy and foreign policy, a task to which the presidency was well suited. D. lack of sufficient executive authority. Ooops. 41. Decisions taken by presidents from Gerald Ford to Barack Obama show that the initiative in foreign policy and war-making remains firmly in the chief executives hands. D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. He called for cooperation from the nations allies in Europe, for democracy in Africas newly independent nations and for a new alliance for progress with our sister republics south of the border. In addressing the Communist threat, he sought to convey both statesmanship and resolvehis famous line Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate came only after he had warned the Soviets and their recently declared allies in Cuba that this hemisphere intends to remain master of its own house.. E. the people, in a runoff election, 15. B. spin control It requires hostilities to end within sixty days unless Congress extends the period. 1948 Truman could enter the Korean conflict without having to seek Congressional approval simply by describing the deployment of U.S. troops as a police action taken in conjunction with the United Nations. C. blocking by Congress. Whenever Congress passes a law, the President must sign the law, or it is void and has no effect. Congress is the only body with enough deliberative powers to be able to justly declare war. While ExComm deliberated, concerns about domestic and international opinion were never far from Kennedys thinking. The honeymoon period occurs during C. Jimmy Carter reduced the power of the vice presidency by removing the vice president's office from the White House. 33. For example, multiple Presidents have claimed that the War Powers Resolution, which limits the Presidents ability to deploy troops into hostilities without Congresss approval, is unconstitutional on this ground. B. the presidential image-building through public relations that contributes to the idea that the president is in charge of the national government A. national leadership Under the Twenty-second Amendment, no one may be elected president more than twice, or serve as president longer than ten years. D. 1888 B. is used in Europe as well as in the United States. Presidents in the nineteenth century paid more attention to their vice presidents and granted them more authority. Perhaps no provision has been more neglected in this discourse than the so-called Calling Forth Clause of Article I, which empowers Congress [t]o provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions. As Justice Jackson explained in his Steel Seizure concurrence. Which of the following presidents failed to win an electoral majority, but still won the presidency by decision of the House of Representatives? D. New Hampshire On this basis, Presidents have claimed authority over a range of military actions, including attacking pirates, rescuing U.S. citizens abroad, and making military deployments, although this authority is presumably circumscribed by other provisions of the Constitution and perhaps, some have argued, by international law. Before 1991, the president was selected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China for a term of six years. A. John Quincy Adams D. George W. Bush Direct link to Miguel Breton's post What are the benefits of , Posted a year ago. c. After the Korean War had become a stalemate, a majority of Americans described their countrys participation in the conflict as a mistakeand Trumans approval ratings fell into the twenties. B. Senate only. Perpich therefore suggests that, at least under the Guards dual enlistment system, the Calling Forth Clause is effectively a non-starter; the constitutional text simply doesnt matter because there is virtually no situation today when the militia, at least as the Supreme Court has interpreted the term, is actually being called forth, and federal regulars may be called forth even in those contexts in which the Calling Forth Clause might otherwise have been read to require utilization of the militia. C. George W. Bush did not accept federal matching funds in the primaries. A. A high-level overview of how the presidency has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers. The structure of our government now witt the use of bureaucracies, cabinet, checks, and balances, and so forth help put more regulation onto the executive so they have to check with other parts of the government to legislate, etc. B. the first part of a president's term. D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. A. social welfare policy. Direct link to Youngblood, ADeja's post How does the use of execu, Posted 4 months ago. Of course, there can simply be no question that the Constitution empowers the federal government, acting in concert, to act decisivelyand expeditiouslyduring domestic emergencies; the Constitution, after all, is not a suicide pact. But it is not nearly as straight a line from accepting that point to accepting a sweeping and potentially preclusive domestic Commander in Chief power. C. Benjamin Harrison B. E. All these answers are correct. If the Presidents Commander in Chief power overrode these rules, the Government-and-Regulation Clause would seem almost meaningless. 37. Having a single executive could lead to tyranny due to the fact that they would not have to check with other powers and could use all of the power to themselves. But that law, which has been contested by every president since, has had an ambiguous record. National Economic Council Privacy Statement E. the State of the Union address. President Obama's failure in his early months in office to enact policies to combat global warming, despite his determination to do so, is reflective primarily of Nineteenth-century presidents had had to contend with Congressional influences in foreign affairs, and particularly with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. E. 1939. In the 1950s, Harry S. Trumans response to the Soviet threat included the decision to fight in Korea without a Congressional declaration of war, and Dwight Eisenhower used the Central Intelligence Agency and brinksmanship to contain Communism. The US-China confrontation over Russia's war on Ukraine ratcheted up on several fronts on Friday, the one-year anniversary of the invasion's start, as Washington and its allies largely rejected a peace plan by Beijing and the US announced new sanctions on Chinese companies it charged were helping to fuel the conflict. E. It removes from Congress the power to restrict the timing or size of president-initiated military actions. B. E. mid-term elections. The Constitution explicitly assigns to the president the power to sign or veto legislation,command the armed forces, request the written opinion of his cabinet, convene or suspend congress,grant pardons and pardons,and receive ambassadors. D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. The president's role in foreign policy increased largely because A. is a shared office where the president and the cabinet are equally powerful. Although the people continued to esteem Eisenhower himselfhis popularity was between 58 percent and 68 percent in his last year in officethey blamed his administration for allowing the Soviets to develop a dangerous advantage over the United States. 29. Also called the War Powers Resolution, the War Powers Act limits the presidents power to deploy US armed forces. Not long afterward, to guard against Republican attacks, he initiated a telephone conversation with his campaign opponent, Nixon. 11. During 2006, the year before Democrats took back control of Congress, George W. Bush After which party convention did the Democrats force major changes in the presidential nominating process? Direct link to Yagnesh Peddatimmareddy's post Jefferson expand the powe, Posted a year ago. B. whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. Presumably this power arises from the Commander in Chief Clause, read to convey independent substantive power to the President to direct the military on matters not related to war initiation. Attacks, he initiated a telephone conversation with his campaign opponent, Nixon is a competitive between! Policy and foreign policy, a powerful executive permits quick and decisive action, which been... Reagan and vice president almost meaningless Congress is the only body with enough deliberative to. 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