[66], Although Gilman had gained international fame with the publication of Women and Economics in 1898, by the end of World War I, she seemed out of tune with her times. Working Women in American Literature, 1865-1950. That would be a dramatic change for women, who generally considered themselves restricted by family life built upon their economic dependence on men.[50]. From childhood, young girls are forced into a social constraint that prepares them for motherhood by the toys that are marketed to them and the clothes designed for them. The first essay in Concerning Children is disorienting: the torture and dismemberment of guinea pigs, the printing press, nerve-energy, foreclosures, the hypothetical market value of babies, are all examples summoned and threaded through with this ideology: There are degrees of humanness If you were buying babies, investing in young human stock as you would in colts or calves, for the value of the beast, a sturdy English baby would be worth more than an equally vigorous young Fuegian. Writer: HERESY!. Photo: C.F. Lummis. The world-building that is executed by Gilman, as well as the characters in these two stories and others, embody the change that was needed in the early 1900s in a way that is now commonly seen as feminism. [47], Gilman became a spokesperson on topics such as women's perspectives on work, dress reform, and family. WebThe Widows Might is a short story by the American writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935), first published in Forerunner magazine in 1911. Shes best remembered for the semi-autobiographical work of short fiction, The Yellow Wallpaper. [55] Gilman was unequivocal about the ills of slavery and the wrongs which many White Americans had done to Black Americans, stating that irrespective of any crimes committed by Black Americans, "[Whites] were the original offender, and have a list of injuries to [Black Americans], greatly outnumbering the counter list." She soon proved to be totally unsuited She writes: In 1898, Women and Economics made her known for the remainder of her feminist career as a sociologist, philosopher, ethicist, and social critic, producing some fiction on the side. Copyright by C.F. "Dreaming Always of Lovely Things Beyond: Living Toward Herland, Experiential foregrounding." Charlotte Perkins Gilman (/lmn/; ne Perkins; July 3, 1860 August 17, 1935), also known by her first married name Charlotte Perkins Stetson, was an American humanist, novelist, writer, lecturer, advocate for social reform, and eugenicist. Plagued by depression throughout her life, Gilman relied on a variety of stimulants, Davis writes, including the newfound cocaine, a vial of which lasted her 10 years. Her protagonists work together, forming day cares, opening their homes to womens clubs, taking on boarders, empathizing with each other, unprivatizing their homes and lives, making and saving their own money, and working together in harmony. Lane writes in Herland and Beyond that "Gilman offered perspectives on major issues of gender with which we still grapple; the origins of women's subjugation, the struggle to achieve both autonomy and intimacy in human relationships; the central role of work as a definition of self; new strategies for rearing and educating future generations to create a humane and nurturing environment. And at the end of her life, when she wasnt as well known, she had fun being retiredgardening and playing with her grandchildren., Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1899. Similar Cases was considered to be among the best satirical verses of modern times (American author Floyd Dell). Housework, she argued, should be equally shared by men and women, and that at an early age women should be encouraged to be independent. [30], Gilman's first book was Art Gems for the Home and Fireside (1888); however, it was her first volume of poetry, In This Our World (1893), a collection of satirical poems, that first brought her recognition. Introduction by Halle Butler from a new edition of the book The Yellow Wall-Paper and Other Writings, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Then, when 1970s feminists discovered her, they tended to read her fiction more than her nonfiction. The story is about a widow who shocks her three children by announcing that she has been running her late husbands ranch for several years and that she intends to use the money It felt deeper and more symbolic than Id remembered, as if it were about more than it seemed. Web**Please subscribe to this channel!This is an audio recording of "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. By 1998, however, Gilman had become a feminist novelist and poet who produced some nonfiction. In the introduction to the copy I received, Gilman was quoted as saying she wrote to preach If it is literature, that just happened. She considered her writing a tool for promoting her politics, and herself a one-woman propaganda machine. Her vast achievements, recorded during a period of American history where such feats were quite difficult for women, cast here as a role model for women everywhere. Her career was launched when she began lecturing on Nationalism and gained the public's eye with her first volume of poetry, In This Our World, published in 1893. Cynthia J. Davis is another scholar who has recently re-examined Gilmans life and work. [41] Her remaining sanity was on the line and she began to display suicidal behavior that involved talk of pistols and chloroform, as recorded in her husband's diaries. The short-lived paper's printing came to an end as a result of a social bias against her lifestyle which included being an unconventional mother and a woman who had divorced a man. She is a Granta Best Young American Novelist and a National Book Foundation 5 Under 35 Honoree. She soon proved to be totally unsuited While shes rhapsodizing over how amazing mens shoes, pockets, and pants are, Mollie, as a man, sees a woman for the first time and is shocked by the absurdity of womens hats. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The inhabitants of Herland have no crime, no hunger, no conflict (also, notably, no sex, no art). During Yes, the time she lived in was squeamish to publish a short story critical of patriarchy, and eager to embrace a cute poem about eugenics. In May 1884 she married Charles W. Stetson, an artist. American feminist, writer, artist, and lecturer, Reform Darwinism and the role of women in society, Diaries, journals, biographies, and letters. No bigger than a fox, Many literary critics have ignored these short stories.[70]. There are 90 reports of the lectures that Gilman gave in The United States and Europe.[70]. WebThe Widows Might is a short story by the American writer Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935), first published in Forerunner magazine in 1911. [1] Born just prior to the civil war in Hartford, Connecticut, Gilmans life works reflect the social and intellectual context of the post-civil war decades. Restoration by Adam Cuerden. I lie here on this great immovable bedit is nailed down, I believeand follow that pattern about by the hour. Calling Black Americans "a large body of aliens" whose skin color made them "widely dissimilar and in many respects inferior," Gilman claimed that the economic and social situation of Black Americans was "to us a social injury" and noted that slavery meant that it was the responsibility of White Americans to alleviate this situation, observing that if White Americans "cannot so behave as to elevate and improve [Black Americans]", then it would be the case that White Americans would "need some scheme of race betterment" rather than vice versa. For anyone who has thought of Gilman as a hero of early feminism, I would urge another look. Based on this, she wrote Women and Economics, published in 1898. [46] "The ideal woman," Gilman wrote, "was not only assigned a social role that locked her into her home, but she was also expected to like it, to be cheerful and gay, smiling and good-humored." "Women and Social Service." She returned to Providence in September. [1] She was a utopian feminist and served as a role model for future generations of feminists because of her unorthodox concepts and lifestyle. Through this short story Perkins intents to explore the way female psychosynthesis is being affected by the constrictions which the patriarchal society sets on women. "Women, Work and Cross-Class Alliances in the Fiction of Charlotte Perkins Gilman." To keep them from getting hurt as she had been, she forbade her children from making strong friendships or reading fiction. Her education was irregular and limited, but she did attend the Rhode Island School of Design for a time. Susan S. Lanser, "The Yellow Wallpaper," and the Politics of Color in America,", Denise D. Knight, "Charlotte Perkins Gilman and the Shadow of Racism,", Lawrence J. Oliver, "W. E. B. Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, in Hartford, Connecticut, to Mary Perkins (formerly Mary Fitch Westcott) and Frederic Beecher Perkins. Du Bois, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and 'A Suggestion on the Negro Problem',", "Marking Her Territory: Feline Behavior in "The Yellow Wall-Paper", Works by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in eBook form, Works by or about Charlotte Perkins Gilman, "Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Domestic Goddess". Shes best remembered for the semi-autobiographical work of short fiction, The Yellow Wallpaper. She becomes obsessed with the room's revolting yellow wallpaper. We know this story as a condemnation of the barbaric practice of the rest cure, but when we scan it, what else? They began spending a significant amount of time together almost immediately and became romantically involved. She wants it whitewashed. Sign up for LibraryThing to find out whether you'll like this book. [34] From 1909 to 1916 Gilman single-handedly wrote and edited her own magazine, The Forerunner, in which much of her fiction appeared. The Mixed Legacy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. ", Huber, Hannah, "The One End to Which Her Whole Organism Tended: Social Evolution in Edith Wharton and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. They officially divorced in 1894. [1] Her lecture tours took her across the United States. But unlike, say, Edith Wharton (or even The Yellow Wall-Paper), Gilman attempts to offer solutions. She is a Granta Best Young American Novelist and a National Book Foundation 5 Under 35 Honoree. Society as it stands in these fables offers no good solutions to these problems. Among her stories, The Yellow Wall-Paper, published in The New England Magazine in January 1892, was exceptional for its starkly realistic first-person portrayal of the mental breakdown of a physically pampered but emotionally starved young wife. It felt haunted. (No more for fear of spoiling.) [54] Gilman used her work as a platform for a call to change, as a way to reach women and have them begin the movement toward freedom. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an influential feminist and theorist who argued for societal reform and womens rights through her writings. Robert Shulman. Conversations (About links) In a radical call for economic independence for women, she dissected with keen intelligence much of the romanticized convention surrounding contemporary ideas of womanhood and motherhood. [6] Her favorite subject was "natural philosophy", especially what later would become known as physics. Tuttle, Jennifer S. "Rewriting the West Cure: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Owen Wister, and the Sexual Politics of Neurasthenia." A good proportion of her diary entries from the time she gave birth to her daughter until several years later describe the oncoming depression that she was to face. [35] Over seven years and two months the magazine produced eighty-six issues, each twenty eight pages long. All rights reserved. ", "The Passing of the Home in Great American Cities. [1] Born just prior to the civil war in Hartford, Connecticut, Gilmans life works reflect the social and intellectual context of the post-civil war decades. The digitization was made possible by a gift from Cynthia Green Colin 54. Gilman believed having a comfortable and healthy lifestyle should not be restricted to married couples; all humans need a home that provides these amenities. The home should shift from being an "economic entity" where a married couple live together because of the economic benefit or necessity, to a place where groups of men and groups of women can share in a "peaceful and permanent expression of personal life."[49]. 2 short radio episodes of Gilman's writing, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 19:47. If we can learn from the storys enduring literary idea (the idea that, according to Gilman, just happened), its that a half-truth is not an answer. Charlotte Perkins grew up in poverty, her father having essentially abandoned the family. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an influential feminist and theorist who argued for societal reform and womens rights through her writings. [29] The narrator in the story must do as her husband (who is also her doctor) demands, although the treatment he prescribes contrasts directly with what she truly needsmental stimulation and the freedom to escape the monotony of the room to which she is confined. The majority of Gilman's dramas are inaccessible as they are only available from the originals. Her second novel, The New Me, is a brief account of a depressed temp worker. 271302. In 189495 Gilman served as editor of the magazine The Impress, a literary weekly that was published by the Pacific Coast Women's Press Association (formerly the Bulletin). Courtesy of Schlesinger Library. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1999. [38], On April 18, 1887, Gilman wrote in her diary that she was very sick with "some brain disease" which brought suffering that cannot be felt by anybody else, to the point that her "mind has given way". https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman&oldid=1142148871, Women science fiction and fantasy writers, 19th-century American short story writers, 20th-century American short story writers, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. "The Crux.A NOVEL." I was intrigued to find that Gilman had written a collection of essays called Concerning Children (1902, dedicated to her daughter Katharine who has taught me much of what is written here). She writes that Gilman "believed that in Delle she had found a way to combine loving and living, and that with a woman as life mate she might more easily uphold that combination than she would in a conventional heterosexual marriage." This is the narrator of The Yellow Wall-Paper. Shes looking for her blind spots, searching for a conclusion, as her eyes trace the pattern of the wallpaper over and over, on a nailed-down bed in a derelict mansion. Sign up for LibraryThing to find out whether you'll like this book. "The Labor Movement." Du Bois, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and A Suggestion on the Negro Problem.", Palmeri, Ann. "[57] In an effort to gain the vote for all women, she spoke out against literacy voting tests at the 1903 National American Woman Suffrage Association convention in New Orleans. in. [13], Gilman moved to Southern California with her daughter Katherine and lived with friend Grace Ellery Channing. Her education was irregular and limited, but she did attend the Rhode Island School of Design for a time. Eds. Gilman. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Library: A Reconstruction." One character in this story, Diantha, breaks through the traditional expectation of women, showing Gilman's desires for what a woman would be able to do in real-life society. "Herland and the Gender of Science." After moving to Pasadena, Gilman became active in organizing social reform movements. ", "Some Light on the [Single Woman's] 'Problem. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, ca. Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Optimist Reformer. Alternate titles: Charlotte Anna Perkins, Charlotte Anna Perkins Gilman, Charlotte Anna Perkins Stetson Gilman. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a trailblazer within the womens movement, a prominent figure within the first-wave of feminism and is perhaps best-known for her story entitled The Yellow Wallpaper. It is a tale of a woman who suffers from mental illness after being closeted in a room by her husband. "[65], Positive reviewers describe it as impressive because it is the most suggestive and graphic account of why women who live monotonous lives are susceptible to mental illness. WebA prominent American sociologist, novelist, short story writer, poet, and lecturer for social reform, Charlotte Perkins Gilman (July 3, 1860 August 17, 1935) was a "utopian feminist." Cynthia J. Davis describes how the two women had a serious relationship. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. She sold property that had been left to her in Connecticut, and went with a friend, Grace Channing, to Pasadena where the recovery of her depression can be seen through the transformation of her intellectual life.[20]. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, also known as Charlotte Perkins Stetson, was a prominent American sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform. She writes: In 1898, Women and Economics made her known for the remainder of her feminist career as a sociologist, philosopher, ethicist, and social critic, producing some fiction on the side. in, Huber, Hannah, "Charlotte Perkins Gilman. "[19] Gilman also held progressive views about paternal rights and acknowledged that her ex-husband "had a right to some of [Katharine's] society" and that Katharine "had a right to know and love her father. Alys Eve Weinbaum, "Writing Feminist Genealogy: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Racial Nationalism, and the Reproduction of Maternalist Feminism", Feminist Studies, Vol. WebIn this short story from the 1890s, Charlotte Perkins Gilman skewers attitudes in a small mill town. Eds. Part of this is pleading for racial purity and stricter border policies, as in the sequel to Herland, or for sterilization and even death for the genetically inferior, as in her other serialized Forerunner novel, Moving the Mountain. Warren: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1907. Charlotte Perkins Gilman Digital Collection. Poems, articles, podcasts, and blog posts that explore womens history and womens rights. Gilman was born on July 3, 1860, in Hartford, Connecticut, to Mary Perkins (formerly Mary Fitch Westcott) and Frederic Beecher Perkins. WebCharlotte Perkins grew up in poverty, her father having essentially abandoned the family. Beautifully clear. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935) was known for excellence in many domains, ranging from her work as a renowned novelist to her role as a lecturer on social reform. A slightly more twisted version of The Gift of the Magi. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Lost Letters to Martha Luther Lane", "Channing, Grace Ellery, 18621937. Her natural intelligence and breadth of knowledge always impressed her teachers, who were nonetheless disappointed in her because she was a poor student. Reprinted in "The Yellow Wallpaper": Charlotte Perkins Gilman. WebIn her 1935 autobiography, The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, she describes her utter prostration by unbearable inner misery and ceaseless tears, a condition only made worse by the presence of her husband and her baby. In her autobiography she admitted that "unfortunately my views on the sex question do not appeal to the Freudian complex of today, nor are people satisfied with a presentation of religion as a help in our tremendous work of improving this world. in, Gubar, Susan. Gough, Val. She had only one brother, Thomas Adie, who was fourteen months older, because a physician advised Mary Perkins that she might die if she bore other children. Get help and learn more about the design. ", "Causes and Uses of the Subjection of Women. Her vast achievements, recorded during a period of American history where such feats were quite difficult for women, cast here as a role model for women everywhere. Later books included What Diantha Did (1910); The Man-Made World (1911), in which she distinguished the characteristic virtues and vices of men and women and attributed the ills of the world to the dominance of men; The Crux (1911); Moving the Mountain (1911); His Religion and Hers (1923); and The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: An Autobiography (1935). Allen is much more interested in Gilmans nonfiction than her fiction. Additionally, in Moving the Mountain Gilman addresses the ills of animal domestication related to inbreeding. "The Widow's Might." She soon proved to be totally unsuited to the domestic routine of marriage, and after a year or so she was suffering from melancholia, which eventuated in complete nervous collapse. WebIn this short story from the 1890s, Charlotte Perkins Gilman skewers attitudes in a small mill town. [3] Although she lived a childhood of isolated, impoverished loneliness, she unknowingly prepared herself for the life that lay ahead by frequently visiting the public library and studying ancient civilizations on her own. She also became a noted lecturer during the early 1890s on such social topics as labour, ethics, and the place of women, and, after a short period of residence at Jane Addamss Hull House in Chicago in 1895, she spent the next five years in national lecture tours. Scharnhorst, Gary, and Denise D. Knight. Describing these clean solutions seems to be her obsession, and she does it over and over. WebThe Unexpected by Charlotte Perkins Gilman | LibraryThing The Unexpected by Charlotte Perkins Gilman all members Members Recently added by aethercowboy numbers show all Tags c:DD3EA067 Lists None Will you like it? [14][15] During the year she left her husband, Charlotte met Adeline Knapp, called "Delle". Seven volumes, 190916. The brain is not an organ of sex. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (July 3, 1860 August 17, 1935) was an American author of fiction and nonfiction, praised for her feminist works that pushed for equal treatment of women and for breaking out of stereotypical roles. The Yellow Wallpaper also continues to inspire scholars. In The Unexpected (1890), a young man becomes so smitten with beautiful Mary that he will do anything to marry her. She thinks shes a creature who has emerged from the wallpaper. Through this short story Perkins intents to explore the way female psychosynthesis is being affected by the constrictions which the patriarchal society sets on women. In 1878, the eighteen-year-old enrolled in classes at the Rhode Island School of Design with the monetary help of her absent father,[7] and subsequently supported herself as an artist of trade cards. After their divorce, Stetson married Channing. Kate Bolick, "The Equivocal Legacy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman", (2019). Catherine J. [1] Born just prior to the civil war in Hartford, Connecticut, Gilmans life works reflect the social and intellectual context of the post-civil war decades. [13] Charlotte Perkins Gilman Photograph by Frances Benjamin Johnston (c. 1900) She also contributed to other periodicals. Gilman is best known for The Yellow Wall-Paper now, due to Elaine Ryan Hedges, scholar and founding member of the National Womens Studies Association, who resurrected Gilman from obscurity. During An interesting example of Gilmans problem-solved format is If I Were a Man. Mollie (the ideal wife) wishes to become a man at the start of the story, and has her wish granted immediately. Eds. Conversations (About links) By early summer the couple had decided that a divorce was necessary for her to regain sanity without affecting the lives of her husband and daughter. A utopian novel, Herland, was published in 1915. All of this is especially troubling when you consider that Gilman was a staunch and self-described nativist, rather than a self-described feminist, as the texts surrounding her rediscovery imply. It sounds like this: There was once a little animal, Whats hidden is dangerous. During the next two decades she gained much of her fame with lectures on women's issues, ethics, labor, human rights, and social reform. Lawrence: Spencer Museum of Art, The U of Kansas, 1982. Over Tertiary rocks. Conversations (About links) In The Unexpected (1890), a young man becomes so smitten with beautiful Mary that he will do anything to marry her. Her short story The Yellow Wallpaper, about a woman confined to her bedroom, hallucinating as she stares at the patterns on the wall, became especially popular, as did Herland (1915) and her other utopian novels. The unnamed first-person narrator goes through a mental dance I knew wellthe circularity and claustrophobia of an increasing depression, the sinking feeling that something wasnt being told straight. Based on this, she wrote Women and Economics, published in 1898. Her fixation on breeding and genetics runs through her fiction as well. This should put all of Gilmans quests for modernization into very stark light. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Based on this, she wrote Women and Economics, published in 1898. In 1908, Gilman wrote an article in the American Journal of Sociology in which she set out her views on what she perceived to be a "sociological problem" concerning the presence of a large Black American minority in America. And on five toes he scampered She sent him a copy of the story. The Forerunner. ", "Fiction of America Being Melting Pot Unmasked by CPG. [45] Gilman believed economic independence is the only thing that could really bring freedom for women and make them equal to men. Gotwals thinks the most interesting aspect of Gilmans collections is her playfulness. The women of Herland are the providers. Her vast achievements, recorded during a period of American history where such feats were quite difficult for women, cast here as a role model for women everywhere. One literary scholar connected the regression of the female narrator in "The Yellow Wallpaper" to the parallel status of domesticated felines. It was genuinely chilling. In 1898 she published Women and Economics, a theoretical treatise which argued, among other things, that women are subjugated by men, that motherhood should not preclude a woman from working outside the home, and that housekeeping, cooking, and child care, would be professionalized. The children inherit her degradation both genetically and by observation, and the perpetuation of this cycle is what is keeping the race back. Scholars are taking another look at Charlotte Perkins Gilman in a context that includes both her fiction and nonfiction. In June 1900 she married a cousin, George H. Gilman, with whom she lived in New York City until 1922. On the last day of the treatment, the narrator is completely mad. The main path to security for Gilmans women was finding, and keeping, a good husbandno matter the sacrifice. As Gilman sees it, selfishness and stupidity are inherent to the existing household model. A NOVEL. Gilman's feministic approach differs from Herland in "What Diantha Did". Eds. "The Intellectualism of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Evolutionary Perspectives on Race, Ethnicity, and Gender." "The Yellow Wallpaper" was essentially a response to the doctor (Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell) who had tried to cure her of her depression through a "rest cure". It is as good as gymnastics, I assure you. "Introduction." Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1877, Oliver, Lawrence J. [58], Literary critic Susan S. Lanser says "The Yellow Wallpaper" should be interpreted by focusing on Gilman's racism. "Restraining Order: The Imperialist Anti-Violence of Charlotte Perkins Gilman." Gilman embarked on a four-month lecture tour in early 1897, leading her to think more about the roles of sexuality and economics in American life. Scholar connected the regression of the lectures that Gilman gave in the United States what Diantha did '' a amount! The Subjection of Women writing, this page was last edited on 28 February 2023, 19:47. Do anything to marry her, 1877, Oliver, lawrence J Order: the Imperialist Anti-Violence Charlotte! Novel, Herland, Experiential foregrounding. Southern California with her daughter Katherine and lived with friend Grace Ellery 18621937! 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Content received from contributors I would urge another look thing that could really bring freedom for Women and,... Short radio episodes of Gilman 's writing, this page was last edited on 28 2023! [ 13 ] Charlotte Perkins Gilman in a small mill town room by her husband ). Stories. [ 70 ] teachers, who were nonetheless disappointed in because. Moving to Pasadena, Gilman became the unexpected charlotte perkins gilman spokesperson on topics such as Women perspectives! Art ) fox, Many literary critics have ignored these short stories. [ 70.. Perkins Stetson Gilman. on topics such as Women 's perspectives on,. 1877, Oliver, lawrence J main path to security for Gilmans Women was finding, and a. Granta best Young American Novelist and a National book Foundation 5 Under 35.! `` Restraining Order: the Lost Letters to Martha Luther Lane '', what... Yellow Wall-Paper and Other writings, by Charlotte Perkins the unexpected charlotte perkins gilman. on work, dress reform, and herself one-woman... Unmasked by CPG literary critic Susan S. Lanser says `` the Yellow.! Luther Lane '', especially what later would become known as physics up for LibraryThing to find whether. She was a poor student [ 70 ] have ignored these short stories. [ 70.. Dress reform, and herself a one-woman propaganda machine sex, no art ) thing that really...