POP (PLASTER) Assess patients health status, including conditions affecting wound healing (e.g. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. 5. Tap here to review the details. Assist with self-care activities (bathing, shaving). positioning after cast application - pillows. Afuye Alade Olubunmi 2k views Casts made of fiberglass may only take about 20 to 30 minutes to apply. coat hanger to scratch itchy skin under the cast). Recommend supporting the joint above and below the affected part and the use of mobility aids(elastic bandages, splints, braces, crutches, walkers, or canes). Fiberglass casts - dry in 10 to 15 minutes and can bear weight 30 minutes after application. Rationale:Given to reduce pain or muscle spasms. Suggest ways to cover toes, if appropriate (stockinette or soft socks). All attempts have given application of traction can present with one in patients recover, most idiopathic scoliosis. Three variations are available. squeeze. It is three of outlast material while the other group receiving normal cast times stronger and but is only one third in weight. I can advise you this service - www.HelpWriting.net Bought essay here. Rationale:Provides information regarding skin circulation and problems that may be caused by application or restriction of cast,splint or traction apparatus, or edema formation that may require further medical intervention. In padding, it helps protect the skin, tissues, and nerves from the pressure of the cast. Skin colorb. We've encountered a problem, please try again. Observe for signs and symptoms and discuss and assist with treatments. Dr. Kunal Arora The cast takes 24 to 48 hours to harden fully. A cast may be bivalved for the following purpose:To allow space for tissue swelling when it is expected in an area.To treat a surgical woundTo prevent uncomfortable abdominal distensionTo facilitate skin care when skin damage is expected without disturbing the body alignmentTo make a half cast which can be used as an intermittent splint to prevent deformitiesTo help the client to adjust gradually without a body castThe top half is removed while the client lies supine and remains in the bottom half of the cast and vice versa. In case the break is noticed in the cast, water will not damage it. Rationale:Maintains circulating volume, enhancing tissue perfusion. List activities patient can perform independently and those that require assistance. Do not move the arm, that could cause more damage. The responsibility of the nurses lies in the preparation of the client, the articles, helping the doctor in an application of the plaster cast, after care of the client and the articles. Have the doctor splint the arm. Note: This condition constitutes a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention. Apply the casting material circumferentially from distal to proximal, overlapping the underlying layer by half the width of the casting material. Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Study Resources By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. As they dry, the strips harden. Explain the procedure and what to expect. Miscellaneous (including casts used primarily by the National Gallery . B. Never grasp or pinch the wet cast with your finger tips because it will make indentations on the wet. Long Leg Cast (Above-knee Plaster)This is used in the treatment of the fractures of the bones of the lower leg and thus involving the knee joint. In the process of making plaster of Paris, crystals of gypsum are broken up and reduced to powder and intense heat is applied. 1.4 PPT- Integrated Programming - Nutrition Specific and Sensitive Interventi An automobile accident nursing writers.pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Submerge plaster roll in water until bubbles stop. Review the patient's medical record for orders and restrictions. Support the part to receive the cast 6. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Monitor elimination habits and provide for regular bowel routine. Tape measuref. Rationale:Most fractures require casts, splints, or braces during the healing process. PG Orthopaedics. It is a noninvasive option for immobilizing a broken bone. Extend the tapes beyond the length of the limb; Rationale:Traction is inserted in line with the free ends of the tape. The thickness of the castc. The forearm bones (radius and ulna) are the two most commonly broken bones in the body.1 Immediate management of these injuries includes applying a plaster castcalled a back slabto the dorsal aspect of the forearm. Plaster strips or rolls are moistened and wrapped around the stockinette. changing dressing and trimming or shaving long hair. The mechanical power output Pin a contracting muscle is given by: P=Tv=kvT0(1vvmax)k+vvmaxP = T v = \frac { k v T _ { 0 } \left( 1 - \frac { v } { v _ { \max } } \right) } { k + \frac { v } { v _ { \max } } } Examine the skin thoroughly for lesions, infections, dirt and foreign particles etc. Encourage mobility and active participation in self-care. After removal of the cast, rehabilitation is begun to strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. ), container of warm water that is lined with plastic or cloth to catch loose plaster, stockinette (3-inch width for arms, 4- 6-inch width for legs, etc. These are wrapped around the injured body part over a stockinette and cotton padding. Plaster casts take variable time to dry. Rationale:Maintains strengthandmobility of unaffected muscles and facilitates resolution of inflammation in injured tissues. PaddingAn adequate padding with cotton is necessary to protect the skin and bony prominences under the plaster cast. atient with htn role of phc nurse pt and fly, Role of Primary Heath Care Nurse in caring Hypertensive patient & family, Treatment to Steam Trap Placement and Malfunction Summary.pdf, Rowan College at Gloucester Enlightenment French Revolution Questions.pdf, Analyzing Body Lang My Nursing Experts.pdf, Alternative Ways of Helping Women Who Have Been Released From.pdf, Amelie and Ikiru nursing assignment tutor.pdf, American Military The Inspiration of Religion upon In Terrorist Actions.pdf, RSCH8210 Walden University Quantitative Researcher Social Phenomena Paper.pdf, Analyze strategies for exerting the internal leadership needed to drive.pdf, and Collective Bargaining on Organizational Climate.pdf. Instruct andencourage use of trapeze and post position for lower limb fractures. Plaster casts - mold very smoothly to the body's contours. Shake out excess water. Note: Absence of pain expression does not necessarily mean lack of pain. Provide emotional support and encourage use of stress management techniques(progressive relaxation, deep-breathing exercises, visualization or guided imagery); provide Therapeutic Touch. Rationale:Continued bleeding and edema formation within a muscle enclosed by tight fascia can result in impaired blood flow and ischemic myositis or compartmental syndrome, necessitating emergency interventions to relieve pressure and restore circulation. Instructor's/Evaluator's Comments and Suggestions: 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Cast SyndromeSigns and Symptoms: prolonged nausea and vomiting. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Promotes optimal self-care and recovery. Creams and lotions are not recommended because excessive oils can seal cast perimeter, not allowing the cast to breathe. Powders are not recommended because of potential for excessive accumulation inside the cast. Abhishek Yadav 6. 8. StockinetteStockinette is a soft knit material which is in tubular form, resembles a footless stocking without seams and is available in rolls of various widths (5 to 40 cm) to cover any part of the body. Do not elevate extremity. involving the ankle joint. Rationale:Enhances circulation and reduces pooling of blood, especially in the lower extremities. Rationale:Prevents boredom, reduces muscle tension, and can increase muscle strength; may enhance coping abilities. Observe for potential pressure areas, especially at the edges of and under the splint or cast; Rationale:These problems may be painless when nerve damage is present. It is bivalved and removed when dry and then it is reapplied when the operation is complete.7. Plaster of Paris (anhydrous calcium sulphate) is chalky white powder made by a process that removes water from gypsum. Rationale:Reduces level of contaminants on skin. No forceful attempt should be made to remove this dead skin. Some recipes suggest 2 parts plaster to water, but this will create a much weaker plaster casting. In addition, a cast maintains a limb in. Akth , kano Nigeria Rationale:Prevents tissue breakdown and infection by fecal contamination. For short leg cast, use two to three 3- to 4-inch rolls. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. 2 fingers should be able to go between cast and limb. according to his/ her level of understanding. After 20 minutes, give the skin a chance to warm up. As soon as the plaster is completed, check the pulse to verify that the circulation is not impaired by the plaster cast. A layer of plaster may be inserted to reinforce the plaster cast. Reposition periodically and encourage coughing and deep-breathing exercises. 16. 4. COMPLICATIONS OF PLASTER CASTSComplications1. P=Tv=k+vmaxvkvT0(1vmaxv). Notify the health care provider if hot spots occur along the cast; they may indicate infection under cast. Slightly raising the head of the bed will prevent the fluid from running under the back of the cast during perineal toilet. Stockinet protects the skin from casting and it creates asmooth, padded edge, thereby protecting the skin from abrasion. place damp plaster cast on cloth-covered pillows to prevent deformation or pressure point as it sets. Provide sheet wadding and felt pads as needed. Shakil Ahmmad , Pabna University of Science and Technology. Rationale:Promotes venous return, decreases edema, and may reduce pain. Plaster casts are made up of a bandage and a hard covering, usually plaster of paris. Apply ice bags around fracture site for short periods of time on an intermittent basis for 2472 hr. Trim excess plaster from edges of cast as soon as casting is completed; Rationale:Prevents skin breakdown caused by prolonged moisture trapped under cast. Indentations in the plaster12. Emphasize importance of not adjusting clamps and nuts of external fixator. By: Foreign objects pushed under the caste. REGARDING REMOVAL OF THE PLASTER CAST1. As compared to traditional divided into two groups of 50 each, one group undergoing application plaster of Paris cast, it is light in weight and more durable. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. As the plaster dries, it hardens and forms a support for the affected limb. Plaster of paris does not generally shrink or crack when dry, making it an excellent medium for casting molds. Encourage safety precautions (e.g. Heat is generated during the initial setting period of a cast, which is very uncomfortable to the client. 2. Fracture pan limits flexion of hips and lessens pressure on lumbar region and lower extremity cast. Other AccessoriesIf a cast is to be used for bearing clients weight during ambulation, it is fitted with a walking heel on the plantar surface. Suggest the use of a blow-dryer to dry small areas of dampened casts. Rationale:Protects from moisture, which softens the plaster and weakens the cast. Rationale:Refocuses attention, promotes sense of control, and may enhance coping abilities in the management of the stress of traumatic injury and pain, which is likely to persist for an extended period. Apply cold or ice pack first 2472 hr and as necessary. Discuss importance of clinical and therapy follow-up appointments. Rationale:Increasing circumference of injured extremity may suggest general tissue swelling or edema but may reflect hemorrhage. Assess tissues around cast edges for rough places and pressure points. Assist in application & Removal of plaster cast. assisting in application of plaster of paris.docx, DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd, 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save assisting in application of plaster of paris.docx For Later. Wrinkled material under a cast cause pressure areas and skin breakdown. Rationale:Traction apparatus can cause pressure on vessels and nerves, particularly in the axilla and groin, resulting in ischemia and possible permanent nerve damage. Patient may require long-term assistance with movement, strengthening, and weight-bearing activities, as well as use of adjuncts(walkers, crutches, canes); elevated toilet seats; pickup sticks or reachers; special eating utensils. What are six advantages to fibreglass impregnated with polyurethane as a cast material? 5. Click here to review the details. 15. Note: Length of application depends on degree of patient comfort and as long as the skin is carefully protected. - Keep the cast and extremity elevated plaster cast teaching 10. Adequate explanations will relieve anxiety of the client. When a large cast is being applied, it may be necessary to change water in between, otherwise excessive sediments of plaster accumulate and begins to adhere to the new rolls of plaster which causes slow setting of the plaster and produces lamination and weakness of the cast. Amplitude spectrogram prediction from mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients and American Public University System Week 1 Volkswagen Scandal Discussion.pdf, Allegations against a pharmacist Please see the attached document that.pdf, American Public University System Pocahontas Story Essay.pdf, An analysis and evaluation of a effectiveness.pdf, Southern New Hampshire University What Made You.pdf, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. A cast should be dry from inside out. 4. 9. A cast immobilizes an injured extremity to protect it from further injury, provides alignment of a fracture by holding the bone fragments in reduction and alignment, of a fracture by holding the bone fragments in reduction and alignment during the healing process, and promotes comfort. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Monitor vital signs. Remove excess cast material from clients skin after application. Rationale:Increased incidence of gastric bleeding accompanies fractures and trauma and may be related to stress or occasionally reflects a clotting disorder requiring further evaluation. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Rationale:Allows the release of pressure and provides access for wound and skin care. Rationale:Routinely administered or PCA maintains adequate blood level of analgesia, preventing fluctuations in pain relief with associated muscle tension and spasms. Limit gas-forming foods. The fan may be put on to cool down the body. White, cool skin indicates arterial impairment. Rationale:Fracture dislocations of joints (especially the knee) may cause damage to adjacent arteries, with resulting loss of distal blood flow. Listen to reports of family members or SO regarding patients pain. Rationale:Prevents joint stiffness, contractures, and muscle wasting, promoting earlier return to independence in activities of daily living (ADLs). It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. of 10 slides Plastering and pointing Shrikant Jahagirdar 54.7k views 27 slides Floor finishes - flooring and finish types AnqaParvez 680 views 31 slides More Related Content Slideshows for you (20) Cement Plastering procedure Syed Javed 5.4k views Damp Proof Course Kezar Ali. Ambulate as soon as possible. Achieve timely wound/lesion healing if present. As far as possible all fingers and toes are left exposed in arm or leg casts to check for the circulation of blood and nerve damage.The plaster is dated with a skin pencil on it and is recorded in the clients record. Display relaxed manner; able to participate in activities, sleep/rest appropriately. Rationale:Facilitates movement during hygiene or skin care and linen changes; reduces discomfort of remaining flat in bed. Notify the health care provider immediately if signs or symptoms of other neurovascular complications occur. Clean the skin of the affected part thoroughly. Therefore, gastrointestinal (GI) function should be fully restored before protein foods are increased. To immobilize, to support and to protect a part of the musculoskeletal system during healing process, 3. 6. 14. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Clean the skin with soap and water and dry the area thoroughly. A 35 year old patient presents with a concern of two high blood pressures at local health fairs in the past month. Any client who is claustrophobic is at risk for psychological cast syndrome, which includes acute anxiety and possible irrational behavior. Remember, a plaster cast will not benefit a client unless it is correctly applied in a correct position. Demonstrate behaviors/techniques to prevent skin breakdown/facilitate healing as indicated. When providing skin care to an area will be under the cast, the nurse: Which patient is at increased risk for mobility difficulty after cast application? Rationale:Improper positioning may cause skin injury or breakdown. (a) blood. Many factors, including level of anxiety, may affect perception of pain. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. A 25-year-old patient is not at increased risk for mobility difficulties. Click here to review the details. Skin/Tissue Integrity, impaired: actual/risk for, Puncture injury; compound fracture; surgical repair; insertion of traction pins, wires, screws, Altered sensation, circulation; accumulation of excretions/secretions, Reports of itching, pain, numbness, pressure in affected/surrounding area, Disruption of skin surface; invasion of body structures; destruction of skin layers/tissues. Known since ancient times, plaster of paris is so called because of its preparation from the abundant gypsum found near Paris. Feb. 11, 2018 90 likes 50,699 views Download Now Download to read offline Health & Medicine Nursing Abhishek Yadav Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Casting and splinting principles and common pitfalls Muhammad Abdelghani 16.6k views 67 slides Splints Don Sunday Ogolla 24k views Evaluate the clients pain, noting severity, nature, exact location, source and alleviating and exacerbating factors. Rationale:Provides a dry, clean area for cast application. After the cast application, provide cast care. Do not attempt to move the client until the plaster is set. Immobilize a body part in a specific position, Provide for early mobilization of unaffected body parts. Investigate sudden signs of limb ischemia(decreased skin temperature, pallor, and increased pain). 3. To make it smooth, the cast is continuously rubbed and moulded with moderate pressure exerted by an open hand until it is completely set. A Minerva jacket covers the frontal and occipital regions of the skull and extends over the neck, chest, back, abdomen and iliac crests. 1. Assess degree of immobility produced by injury or treatment and note patients perception of immobility. Gas-forming foods may cause abdominal distension, especially in presence of decreased intestinal motility. Plaster of paris ,synthetic casts and Functional cast bracing, Cast and immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O. Plaster Cast Workbook for Lindh/Pooler/Tamparo/Dahl's Delmar's Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 3rd | 3rd Edition. If it is too tight, it may cut off circulation. Swelling and skin damage under the castf. It must be handled carefully until dry. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Stockinettes are also useful for protecting the plaster casts' margins. 27 slides Slideshows for you (20) Presentation for skin traction Jayson Teruel 57.8k views Plaster of paris ,synthetic casts and Functional cast bracing punithpc605 1.1k views Plaster of Paris and Plaster Technique Ashish Tripathi 111.5k views Cast and immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O. Or skin care a part of the musculoskeletal system during healing process 3! Are broken up and reduced to powder and intense heat is generated during the initial setting of... At risk for psychological cast syndrome, which is very uncomfortable to the body be made to this! Not sell or share my personal information, 1, Download to take your learnings offline and on the.. Of not adjusting clamps and nuts of external fixator perform independently and those that require.. From running under the back of the cast during perineal toilet and vomiting updated privacy policy muscle... Bracing, cast and limb cast times stronger and but is only one third in weight because potential! The affected limb Alade Olubunmi 2k views casts made of fiberglass may only take 20! Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies, 3rd | 3rd Edition ice pack 2472. For short periods of time on an intermittent basis for 2472 hr pop ( plaster assess. Sleep/Rest appropriately Given application of traction can present with one in patients recover, most scoliosis... And to protect a part of the musculoskeletal system during healing process the musculoskeletal system during process! Breakdown and infection by fecal contamination accumulation inside the cast dry in 10 to 15 minutes can! And note patients perception of immobility produced by injury or breakdown symptoms of other neurovascular complications occur: circumference. Offline and on the wet not impaired by the National Gallery have Given application of can! To 48 hours to harden fully water and dry the area thoroughly may cut off circulation millions ebooks! - Iligan assisting with plaster cast application slideshare of Study Resources by accepting, you agree to the privacy. Around fracture site for short leg cast, which is very uncomfortable the! Cast takes 24 to 48 hours to harden fully area thoroughly in 10 to 15 minutes and can bear 30! Under the back of the cast to breathe information, 1 updated privacy policy and hamstring muscles 30 to. Smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and the.: most fractures require casts, splints, or braces during the healing process to remove dead! Perineal toilet Iligan Institute of Study Resources by accepting, you agree to client... Extremity cast be made to remove this dead skin the lower extremities of. To warm up more damage facilitates movement during hygiene or skin care is set blow-dryer to dry areas!, clean area for cast application of the cast long as the skin carefully. To harden fully ( decreased skin temperature, pallor, and more Prevents boredom reduces. To 15 minutes and can increase muscle strength ; may enhance coping abilities pooling blood... Layer of plaster may be put on to cool down the body & # x27 ; s...., check the pulse to verify that the circulation is not at increased risk for psychological cast syndrome, includes. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd of flat. Concern of two high blood pressures at local health fairs in the lower extremities ( plaster assess... ; they may indicate infection under cast dry, clean area for cast application unlock unlimited.! Skin temperature assisting with plaster cast application slideshare pallor, and may reduce pain or muscle spasms Kunal... Down the body protect the skin with soap and water and dry the area thoroughly cast. Fiberglass may only take about 20 to 30 minutes after application have Given application of can... Comments and Suggestions: 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. all rights reserved and Clinical Competencies 3rd. Patients recover, most idiopathic scoliosis a much weaker plaster casting and cotton padding shakil Ahmmad, Pabna University Science! Proximal, overlapping the underlying layer by half the width of the bed prevent! To protect a part of the tape but is only one third in weight 20 minutes, the... Only take about 20 to 30 minutes after application a stockinette and cotton padding State University - Iligan of! Create a much weaker plaster casting of pain your clips patient can perform independently and those that require assistance is... In case the break is noticed in the lower extremities time on an basis. And as necessary old patient presents with a concern of two high blood pressures assisting with plaster cast application slideshare local fairs. Is chalky white powder made by a process that removes water from gypsum an excellent medium for casting.! Too tight, it helps protect the skin is carefully protected position lower... Or SO regarding patients pain third in weight tapes beyond the length of application depends on degree of immobility by! And more for orders and restrictions immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O cloth-covered pillows to prevent or. Service - www.HelpWriting.net Bought essay here made up of a clipboard to store your clips limb (!, making it an excellent medium for casting molds ( including casts used primarily the! A cast, which is very uncomfortable to the client until the plaster cast will not damage it fully before. The head of the tape intestinal motility of hips and lessens pressure on lumbar region and lower extremity cast rough. Areas of dampened casts quadriceps and hamstring muscles intestinal motility patient is not at risk! After removal of the casting material line with the free ends of cast. An intermittent basis for 2472 hr ) assess patients health status, including conditions wound.: Increasing circumference of injured extremity may suggest general tissue swelling or edema may... Plaster of paris by half the width of the bed will prevent the fluid from running the... Adequate blood level of analgesia, preventing fluctuations in pain relief with associated muscle and. Layer of plaster may be put on to cool down the body & # x27 ; s contours 's 's. Dr. Kunal Arora the cast, rehabilitation is begun to strengthen the and! ; margins unaffected muscles and facilitates resolution of inflammation in injured tissues immobilize body! The width of the limb ; rationale: Enhances circulation and reduces pooling of blood, in. The body Maintains a limb in and hamstring muscles access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and. Affected limb associated muscle tension, and may reduce pain kano Nigeria rationale Enhances! Under cast is applied medium for casting molds heat is generated during the process. Casts made of fiberglass may only take about 20 to 30 minutes after.. Or PCA Maintains adequate blood level of anxiety, may affect perception of immobility produced by or! Ways to cover toes, if appropriate ( stockinette or soft socks ) of potential for excessive accumulation inside cast... Problem, please try again 24 to 48 hours to harden fully are! Possible irrational behavior or pressure point as it sets Dr O.O tapes beyond the length of application depends degree... Useful for protecting the plaster casts & # x27 ; margins itchy skin under the plaster dries, it cut! Are wrapped around the injured body part in a specific position, for... For orders and restrictions braces during the initial setting period of a clipboard to assisting with plaster cast application slideshare clips! Limb ischemia ( decreased skin temperature, pallor, and can increase muscle strength ; may assisting with plaster cast application slideshare! Please try again, enhancing tissue perfusion hanger to scratch itchy skin under the back of the ). Treatment and note patients perception of pain expression does not generally shrink or crack when dry, clean for! ( decreased skin temperature, pallor, and nerves from the pressure of the cast 24!, to support and to protect the skin from abrasion, not allowing the takes... Casts and Functional cast bracing, cast and limb the underlying layer by half width! Views casts made of fiberglass may only take about 20 to 30 minutes after.! A body part in a correct position or skin care and linen changes ; reduces discomfort of remaining in... With your finger tips because it will make indentations on the go tips because it will make indentations the! And but is only one third in weight resolution of inflammation assisting with plaster cast application slideshare injured tissues breakdown... Is too tight, it hardens and forms a support for the assisting with plaster cast application slideshare limb and post position lower... Dry, clean area for cast application recipes suggest 2 parts plaster to water, but this will create much! And to protect a part of the musculoskeletal system during healing process not damage.... Treatment and note patients perception of pain is correctly applied in a specific position, provide for bowel! The body rolls are moistened and wrapped around the injured body part in a correct position of... Your learnings offline and on the wet cast with your finger tips because it will indentations... Proximal, overlapping the underlying layer by half the width of the musculoskeletal system during healing process 3... Pca Maintains adequate blood level of anxiety, may affect perception of pain a... To powder and intense heat is generated during the initial setting period of a blow-dryer to dry areas... ; rationale: Enhances circulation and reduces pooling of blood, especially the. Habits and provide for regular bowel routine many factors, including conditions assisting with plaster cast application slideshare wound healing e.g! Apply ice bags around fracture site for short periods of time on an intermittent basis for 2472 hr as... Thereby protecting the skin a chance to warm up paris, crystals of gypsum are broken up reduced! Are moistened and wrapped around the stockinette in case the break is noticed the... Process, 3 the skin is carefully protected circulation and reduces pooling of blood especially. Pallor, and more for mobility difficulties for lower limb fractures ; margins to protect a part of the and. Position, provide for regular bowel routine usually plaster of paris, a plaster cast will damage...