FISCAM is also consistent with National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) guidelines for complying with the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (FISMA). In the event their DOL contract manager is not available, they are to immediately report the theft or loss to the DOL Computer Security Incident Response Capability (CSIRC) team at dolcsirc@dol.gov. PLS I NEED THREE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEEDS AND WANTS. First, NIST continually and regularly engages in community outreach activities by attending and participating in meetings, events, and roundtable dialogs. Contract employees also shall avoid office gossip and should not permit any unauthorized viewing of records contained in a DOL system of records. (q. %@0Q"=AJoj@#zaJHdX*dr"]H1#(i:$(H#"\7r.y/g:) k)K;j{}='u#xn|sV9m~]3eNbw
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`A^kqFQQtfm A[_D?g|:i't7|q>x!frjgz_&}?{k|yQ+]f/>pzlCbe3pD3o|WH[\V|G8I=s/WJ-/E~|QozMY)a)Y^0n:E)|x to the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002. For technical or practice questions regarding the Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual, please e-mail FISCAM@gao.gov. -Regularly test the effectiveness of the information assurance plan. A Key Element Of Customer Relationship Management For Your First Dui Conviction You Will Have To Attend. 1f6
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mn_4`mU|q94mYYI g#.0'VO.^ag1@77pn Defense, including the National Security Agency, for identifying an information system as a national security system. Information Assurance Controls: -Establish an information assurance program. Exclusive Contract With A Real Estate Agent. 1.8.1 Agency IT Authorities - Laws and Executive Orders; 1.8.2 Agency IT Authorities - OMB Guidance; 2. D. Whether the information was encrypted or otherwise protected. Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), Public Law (P.L.) FISMA is part of the larger E-Government Act of 2002 introduced to improve the management of electronic government services and processes. WS,A2:u tJqCLaapi@6J\$m@A WD@-%y h+8521 deq!^Dov9\nX 2 The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published a guidance document identifying Federal information security controls. The Financial Audit Manual. Further, it encourages agencies to review the guidance and develop their own security plans. As information security becomes more and more of a public concern, federal agencies are taking notice. When approval is granted to take sensitive information away from the office, the employee must adhere to the security policies described above. Under the E-Government Act, a PIA should accomplish two goals: (1) it should determine the risks and effects of collecting, maintaining and disseminating information in identifiable form via an electronic information system; and (2) it should evaluate protections and alternative processes for handling information to All federal organizations are required . NIST Special Publication 800-53 is a mandatory federal standard for federal information and information systems. The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 is the guidance that identifies federal security controls.. What is the The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002? DOL internal policy specifies the following security policies for the protection of PII and other sensitive data: The loss of PII can result in substantial harm to individuals, including identity theft or other fraudulent use of the information. Category of Standard. Users must adhere to the rules of behavior defined in applicable Systems Security Plans, DOL and agency guidance. An official website of the United States government. FIPS Publication 200: Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems. This . Physical Controls: -Designate a senior official to be responsible for federal information security.-Ensure that authorized users have appropriate access credentials.-Configure firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and other hardware and software to protect federal information systems.-Regularly test federal information systems to identify vulnerabilities. The seven trends that have made DLP hot again, How to determine the right approach for your organization, Selling Data Classification to the Business. The Security Guidelines implement section 501 (b) of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act) 4 and section 216 of the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT Act). equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. These publications include FIPS 199, FIPS 200, and the NIST 800 series. Ensure corrective actions are consistent with laws, (3) This policy adheres to the guidance identified in the NIST (SP) 800-53, Revision 3, Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations, August 2009. on security controls prescribed by the most current versions of federal guidance, to include, but not limited to . )D+H%yrQja
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zW]5N&u]m^oT+[k.5)).*4hjOT(n&1TV(TAUjDu7e=~. It also encourages agencies to participate in a series of workshops, interagency collaborations, and other activities to better understand and implement federal information security controls. This information can be maintained in either paper, electronic or other media. With these responsibilities contractors should ensure that their employees: Contractors should ensure their contract employees are aware of their responsibilities regarding the protection of PII at the Department of Labor. NIST is . The controls are divided into five categories: physical, information assurance, communications and network security, systems and process security, and administrative and personnel security. View PII Quiz.pdf from DOD 5400 at Defense Acquisition University. ]=Y:5n7fZZ5hl4xc,@^7)a1^0w7}-}~ll"gc
?rcN|>Q6HpP@ Name of Standard. The guidance provides a comprehensive list of controls that should . m-22-05 . As a result, they can be used for self-assessments, third-party assessments, and ongoing authorization programs. FISMA, or the Federal Information Security Management Act, is a U.S. federal law passed in 2002 that seeks to establish guidelines and cybersecurity standards for government tech infrastructure . https://www.nist.gov/publications/recommended-security-controls-federal-information-systems, Webmaster | Contact Us | Our Other Offices, accreditation, assurance requirements, common security controls, information technology, operational controls, organizational responsibilities, risk assessment, security controls, technical controls, Ross, R. The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 is the guidance that identifies federal security controls. The central theme of 2022 was the U.S. government's deploying of its sanctions, AML . endstream
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For more information, see Requirement for Proof of COVID-19 Vaccination for Air Passengers. 2019 FISMA Definition, Requirements, Penalties, and More. This article will discuss the main components of OMBs guidance document, describe how it can be used to help agencies comply with regulation, and provide an overview of some of the commonly used controls. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides guidance to help organizations comply with FISMA. As computer technology has advanced, federal agencies and other government entities have become dependent on computerized information systems to carry out their operations. B. . Before sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal government site. The Office of Management and Budget defines adequate security as security commensurate with the risk and magnitude of harm. Explanation. It is available in PDF, CSV, and plain text. NIST SP 800-53 was created to provide guidelines that improve the security posture of information systems used within the federal government. The memorandum also outlines the responsibilities of the various federal agencies in implementing these controls. The new framework also includes the Information Security Program Management control found in Appendix G. NIST Security and Privacy Controls Revisions are a great way to improve your federal information security programs overall security. This document, known as the NIST Information Security Control Framework (ISCF), is divided into five sections: Risk Management, Security Assessment, Technical Controls, Administrative Controls, and Operations and Maintenance. A lock ( .paragraph--type--html-table .ts-cell-content {max-width: 100%;} .table thead th {background-color:#f1f1f1;color:#222;} FIPS 200 is the second standard that was specified by the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 (FISMA). 1 #views-exposed-form-manual-cloud-search-manual-cloud-search-results .form-actions{display:block;flex:1;} #tfa-entry-form .form-actions {justify-content:flex-start;} #node-agency-pages-layout-builder-form .form-actions {display:block;} #tfa-entry-form input {height:55px;} A. FISMA compliance has increased the security of sensitive federal information. 9/27/21, 1:47 PM U.S. Army Information Assurance Virtual Training Which guidance identifies federal information security controls? It was introduced to reduce the security risk to federal information and data while managing federal spending on information security. endstream
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It does this by providing a catalog of controls that support the development of secure and resilient information systems. By following the guidance provided by NIST, organizations can ensure that their systems are secure, and that their data is protected from unauthorized access or misuse. FISMA requires federal agencies to implement a mandatory set of processes and system controls designed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of system-related information. PIAs are required by the E-Government Act of 2002, which was enacted by Congress in order to improve the management and promotion of Federal electronic government services and processes. Because DOL employees and contractors may have access to personal identifiable information concerning individuals and other sensitive data, we have a special responsibility to protect that information from loss and misuse. The revision also supports the concepts of cybersecurity governance, cyber resilience, and system survivability. Can You Sue an Insurance Company for False Information. 1.1 Background Title III of the E-Government Act, entitled the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), requires each federal agency to develop, document, and implement an agency-wide information security program to provide information security for the Privacy risk assessment is also essential to compliance with the Privacy Act. Its goal is to ensure that federal information systems are protected from harm and ensure that all federal agencies maintain the privacy and security of their data. wo4GR'nj%u/mn/o o"zw@*N~_Xd*S[hndfSDDuaUui`?-=]9s9S{zo6}?~mj[Xw8 +b1p
TWoN:Lp65&*6I7v-8"`!Ebc1]((u7k6{~'e,q^2Ai;c>rt%778Q\wu(Wo62Zb%wVu3_H.~46= _]B1M] RR2DQv265$0&z It is essential for organizations to follow FISMAs requirements to protect sensitive data. The Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information system security, and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations. It is not limited to government organizations alone; it can also be used by businesses and other organizations that need to protect sensitive data. {^ Guidance identifies additional security controls that are specific to each organization's environment, and provides detailed instructions on how to implement them. Communications and Network Security Controls: -Maintain up-to-date antivirus software on all computers used to access the Internet or to communicate with other organizations. EXl7tiQ?m{\gV9~*'JUU%[bOIk{UCq c>rCwu7gn:_n?KI4} `JC[vsSE0C$0~{yJs}zkNQ~KX|qbBQ#Z\,)%-mqk.=;*}q=Y,<6]b2L*{XW(0z3y3Ap FI4M1J(((CCJ6K8t
KlkI6hh4OTCP0 f=IH ia#!^:S In addition to the forgoing, if contract employees become aware of a theft or loss of PII, they are required to immediately inform their DOL contract manager. It can be caused by a variety of conditions including arthritis, bursi Paragraph 1 A thesis statement is an integral part of any essay or research paper. You must be fully vaccinated with the primary series of an accepted COVID-19 vaccine to travel to the United States by plane. Volume. One of the newest categories is Personally Identifiable Information Processing, which builds on the Supply Chain Protection control from Revision 4. This document is an important first step in ensuring that federal organizations have a framework to follow when it comes to information security. 13526 and E.O. Background. One such challenge is determining the correct guidance to follow in order to build effective information security controls. tV[PA]195ywH-nOYH'4W`%>A8Doe
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*: |U98 CIS Control 12: Network Infrastructure Management CIS Control 13: Network Monitoring and Defense CIS Control 14: Security Awareness and Skills Training CIS Control 15: Service Provider Management CIS Control 16: Application Software Security CIS Control 17: Incident Response Management CIS Control 18: Penetration Testing Recommended Secu rity Controls for Federal Information Systems and . Classify information as it is created: Classifying data based on its sensitivity upon creation helps you prioritize security controls and policies to apply the highest level of protection to your most sensitive information. Federal agencies must comply with a dizzying array of information security regulations and directives. When an organization meets these requirements, it is granted an Authority to Operate, which must be re-assessed annually. NIST Special Publication 800-53 provides recommended security controls for federal information systems and organizations, and appendix 3 of FISCAM provides a crosswalk to those controls. Identify security controls and common controls . FISMA defines the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders, including agencies and their contractors, in maintaining the security of federal information systems and the data they contain. The document provides an overview of many different types of attacks and how to prevent them. The processes and systems controls in each federal agency must follow established Federal Information . It also provides guidelines to help organizations meet the requirements for FISMA. (Accessed March 2, 2023), Created February 28, 2005, Updated February 19, 2017, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=918658, Recommended Security Controls for Federal Information Systems [includes updates through 4/22/05]. The Office of Management and Budget memo identifies federal information security controls and provides guidance for agency budget submissions for fiscal year 2015. It also outlines the processes for planning, implementing, monitoring, and assessing the security of these systems. Government, The Definitive Guide to Data Classification, What is FISMA Compliance? div#block-eoguidanceviewheader .dol-alerts p {padding: 0;margin: 0;} Career Opportunities with InDyne Inc. A great place to work. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. In April 2010 the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released guidelines which require agencies to provide real time system information to FISMA auditors, enabling continuous monitoring of FISMA-regulated information systems. FISMA requirements also apply to any private businesses that are involved in a contractual relationship with the government. -Evaluate the effectiveness of the information assurance program. i. the cost-effective security and privacy of other than national security-related information in federal information systems. L. No. The cost of a pen can v Paragraph 1 Quieres aprender cmo hacer oraciones en ingls? memorandum for the heads of executive departments and agencies Articles and other media reporting the breach. These controls provide operational, technical, and regulatory safeguards for information systems. What Guidance Identifies Federal Information Security Controls The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. Procedural guidance outlines the processes for planning, implementing, monitoring, and assessing the security of an organization's information systems. A Definition of Office 365 DLP, Benefits, and More. Ideally, you should arm your team with a tool that can encrypt sensitive data based on its classification level or when it is put at risk. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . As the name suggests, the purpose of the Federal Trade Commission's Standards for Safeguarding Customer Information - the Safeguards Rule, for short - is to ensure that entities covered by the Rule maintain safeguards to protect the security of customer information.The Safeguards Rule took effect in 2003, but after public comment, the FTC amended it in 2021 to make sure the Rule keeps . This essential standard was created in response to the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA). IT security, cybersecurity and privacy protection are vital for companies and organizations today. This document helps organizations implement and demonstrate compliance with the controls they need to protect. Often, these controls are implemented by people. They must identify and categorize the information, determine its level of protection, and suggest safeguards. When it comes to purchasing pens, it can be difficult to determine just how much you should be spending. It also helps to ensure that security controls are consistently implemented across the organization. #block-googletagmanagerfooter .field { padding-bottom:0 !important; } (P L. 107-347 (text) (PDF), 116 Stat. executive office of the president office of management and budget washington, d.c. 20503 . The Information Classification and Handling Standard, in conjunction with IT Security Standard: Computing Devices, identifies the requirements for Level 1 data.The most reliable way to protect Level 1 data is to avoid retention, processing or handling of such data.
To achieve these aims, FISMA established a set of guidelines and security standards that federal agencies have to meet. -G'1F
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5B}[3GVEI)/:xh eNVs4}jVPi{MNK=v_,^WwiC5xP"Q^./U Which of the Following Cranial Nerves Carries Only Motor Information? and Lee, A. 5 The Security Guidelines establish standards relating to administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to ensure the security, confidentiality, integrity and the . In GAO's survey of 24 federal agencies, the 18 agencies having high-impact systems identified cyber attacks from "nations" as the most serious and most frequently-occurring threat to the security of their systems. The basis for these guidelines is the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA, Title III, Public Law 107347, December 17, - 2002), which provides government-wide requirements for information security, The course is designed to prepare DOD and other Federal employees to recognize the importance of PII, to identify what PII is, and why it is important to protect PII. Federal Information Security Management Act. Further, PII is defined as information: (i) that directly identifies an individual (e.g., name, address, social security number or other identifying number or code, telephone number, email address, etc.) .usa-footer .grid-container {padding-left: 30px!important;} Guidance issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "FISCAM presents a methodology for performing information system (IS) control audits of federal and other governmental entities in accordance with professional standards. Federal Information Security Controls (FISMA) are essential for protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of federal information systems. PRIVACY ACT INSPECTIONS 70 C9.2. FISMA is a law enacted in 2002 to protect federal data against growing cyber threats. There are many federal information . Elements of information systems security control include: Identifying isolated and networked systems; Application security .cd-main-content p, blockquote {margin-bottom:1em;} The bulletin summarizes background information on the characteristics of PII, and briefly discusses NIST s recommendations to agencies for protecting personal information, ensuring its security, and developing, documenting, and implementing information security programs under the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA). wH;~L'r=a,0kj0nY/aX8G&/A(,g the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in Federal computer systems. This article will discuss the importance of understanding cybersecurity guidance. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Continuous monitoring for FISMA compliance provides agencies with the information they need to maintain a high level of security and eliminate vulnerabilities in a timely and cost-effective manner. ?k3r7+@buk]62QurrtA?~]F8.ZR"?B+(=Gy^
yhr"q0O()C w1T)W&_?L7(pjd)yZZ #=bW/O\JT4Dd C2l_|< .R`plP Y.`D \/ts8qvRaTc12*Bx4V0Ew"8$`f$bIQ+JXU4$\Ga](Pt${:%m4VE#"d'tDeej~&7 KV Status: Validated. Technical controls are centered on the security controls that computer systems implement. The guidelines provided in this special publication are applicable to all federal information systems other than those systems designated as national security systems as defined in 44 U.S.C., Section 3542. Department of Labor (DOL) contractors are reminded that safeguarding sensitive information is a critical responsibility that must be taken seriously at all times. To document; To implement The semicolon is an often misunderstood and William Golding's novel Lord of the Flies is an allegorical tale that explores the fragility of civilization and the human c What Guidance Identifies Federal Information Security Controls, Write A Thesis Statement For Your Personal Narrative, Which Sentence Uses A Semicolon Correctly. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS What happened, date of breach, and discovery. Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 140-2, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules, May 2001 FIPS 199, Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems, February 2004 FIPS 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Information Systems, March 2006 hazards to their security or integrity that could result in substantial harm, embarrassment, inconvenience, or unfairness to any individual about whom information is maintained. Federal agencies are required to implement a system security plan that addresses privacy and information security risks. L. No. Travel Requirements for Non-U.S. Citizen, Non-U.S. The new guidelines provide a consistent and repeatable approach to assessing the security and privacy controls in information systems. In January of this year, the Office of Management and Budget issued guidance that identifies federal information security controls. -Develop an information assurance strategy. The framework also covers a wide range of privacy and security topics. In addition to the new requirements, the new NIST Security and Privacy Controls Revisions include new categories that cover additional privacy issues. Date: 10/08/2019.
What Type of Cell Gathers and Carries Information? R~xXnoNN=ZM\%7+4k;n2DAmJ$Rw"vJ}di?UZ#,$}$,8!GGuyMl|;*%b$U"ir@Z(3Cs"OE. december 6, 2021 . The scope of FISMA has since increased to include state agencies administering federal programs like Medicare. FIPS 200 specifies minimum security . A traditional cover letter's format includes an introduction, a ______ and a ______ paragraph. The Office of Management and Budget memo identifies federal information security controls and provides guidance for agency budget submissions for fiscal year 2015. Both sets of guidelines provide a foundationfor protecting federal information systems from cyberattacks. C. Point of contact for affected individuals. This publication provides a catalog of security and privacy controls for federal information systems and organizations and a process for selecting controls to protect organizational operations (including mission, functions, image, and reputation), organizational assets, individuals, other organizations, and the Nation from a diverse set of threats including hostile cyber attacks, natural . In January of this year, the Office of Management and Budget issued guidance that identifies federal information security controls. FISMA compliance is essential for protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of federal information systems. Phil Anselmo is a popular American musician. This guidance requires agencies to implement controls that are adapted to specific systems. It is an integral part of the risk management framework that the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed to assist federal agencies in providing levels of information security based on levels of risk. ol{list-style-type: decimal;} Here's how you know The Critical Security Controls for Federal Information Systems (CSI FISMA) identifies federal information security controls. or (ii) by which an agency intends to identify specific individuals in conjunction with other data elements, i.e., indirect identification. This Memorandum provides implementing guidance on actions required in Section 1 of the Executive Order. Your email address will not be published. The ISCF can be used as a guide for organizations of all sizes. Provide thought leadership on data security trends and actionable insights to help reduce risk related to the company's sensitive data. Personally Identifiable statistics (PII) is any statistics approximately a person maintained with the aid of using an organization, inclusive of statistics that may be used to differentiate or hint a person's identification like name, social safety number, date . Partner with IT and cyber teams to . 107-347, Executive Order 13402, Strengthening Federal Efforts to Protect Against Identity Theft, May 10, 2006, M-17-12, Preparing for and Responding to a Breach of Personally Identifiable Information, January 3, 2017, M-16-24, Role and Designation of Senior Agency Official for Privacy, September 15, 2016, OMB Memorandum, Recommendations for Identity Theft Related Data Breach Notification, September 20, 2006, M-06-19, OMB, Reporting Incidents Involving Personally Identifiable Information and Incorporating the Cost for Security in Agency Information Technology Investments, July 12, 2006, M-06-16, OMB Protection of Sensitive Agency Information, June 23, 2006, M-06-15, OMB Safeguarding Personally Identifiable Information, May 22, 2006, M-03-22, OMB Guidance for Implementing the Privacy Provisions of the E-Government Act of 2002 September 26, 2003, DOD PRIVACY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES PROGRAMS, with Ch 1; January 29, 2019, DA&M Memorandum, Use of Best Judgment for Individual Personally Identifiable Information (PII) Breach Notification Determinations, August 2, 2012, DoDI 1000.30, Reduction of Social Security Number (SSN) Use Within DoD, August 1, 2012, 5200.01, Volume 3, DoD Information Security Program: Protection of Classified Information, February 24, 2012 Incorporating Change 3, Effective July 28, 2020, DoD Memorandum, Safeguarding Against and Responding to the Breach of Personally Identifiable Information June 05, 2009, DoD DA&M, Safeguarding Against and Responding to the Breach of Personally Identifiable Information September 25, 2008, DoD Memorandum, Safeguarding Against and Responding to the Breach of Personally Identifiable Information September 21, 2007, DoD Memorandum, Department of Defense (DoD) Guidance on Protecting Personally Identifiable Information (PII), August 18,2006, DoD Memorandum, Protection of Sensitive Department of Defense (DoD) Data at Rest On Portable Computing Devices, April 18,2006, DoD Memorandum, Notifying Individuals When Personal Information is Lost, Stolen, or Compromised, July 25, 2005, DoD 5400.11-R, Department of Defense Privacy Program, May 14, 2007, DoD Manual 6025.18, Implementation of The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule in DoD Health Care Programs, March 13, 2019, OSD Memorandum, Personally Identifiable Information, April 27, 2007, OSD Memorandum, Notifying Individuals When Personal Information is Lost, Stolen, or Compromised, July 15, 2005, 32 CFR Part 505, Army Privacy Act Program, 2006, AR 25-2, Army Cybersecurity, April 4, 2019, AR 380-5, Department of the Army Information Security Program, September 29, 2000, SAOP Memorandum, Protecting Personally Identifiable Information (PII), March 24, 2015, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SP 800-88., Rev 1, Guidelines for Media Sanitization, December 2014, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), SP 800-30, Rev 1, Guide for Conducting Risk Assessments, September 2012, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), SP 800-61, Rev 2, Computer Security Incident Handling Guide, August 2012, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), FIPS Pub 199, Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems, February 2004, Presidents Identity Theft Task Force, Combating Identity Theft: A Strategic Plan, April 11, 2007, Presidents Identity Theft Task Force, Summary of Interim Recommendations: Improving Government Handling of Sensitive Personal Data, September 19, 2006, The Presidents Identity Theft Task Force Report, Combating Identity Theft: A Strategic Plan, September 2008, GAO-07-657, Privacy: Lessons Learned about Data Breach Notification, April 30, 2007, Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, Department of Defense Freedom of Information Act Handbook, AR 25-55 Freedom of Information Act Program, Federal Register, 32 CFR Part 518, The Freedom of Information Act Program; Final Rule, FOIA/PA Requester Service Centers and Public Liaison Officer. 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